CAJ | 학술논문

目的探讨云南省居民区鼠疫宿主动物地理分布格局及其与鼠疫的关系.方法根据云南省不同经纬度、海拔等自然环境条件,在2007年4月至2012年11月,选取云南省17个县(市)的自然村作为调查点,开展室内鼠和蚤的种类、数量和生物量的调查,运用群落结构指标对居民区鼠类的群落特征和沿环境梯度的空间分布进行研究.结果在调查的17个县(市)室内共捕获小兽390只,经分类鉴定隶属于3目4科7属11种.其中,黄胸鼠、大足鼠、褐家鼠为居民区优势种,分别占33.85％(132/390)、20.77％(81/390)和16.92％(66/390).居民区鼠类的经度分布,以黄胸鼠最广,东经98°～105°均有分布,其次为褐家鼠、斑胸鼠和小家鼠;室内鼠类纬度分布和垂直分布相似,均以黄胸鼠分布最广,北纬21°～＜28°和海拔500～＜3 500 m均有分布,其构成比随着纬度和海拔的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,逐渐更替为大足鼠、齐氏姬鼠等鼠种.室内鼠疫宿主动物的物种丰富度随经纬度增加呈现先增高后降低的分布格局,分别在东经98°～＜101°和北纬23°～＜28°形成高峰,而垂直分布显示出低海拔和高海拔地带物种丰富度相对较低的特征,高峰为1 000～＜1 500 m和2 000～＜2 500 m垂直带.结论云南居民区鼠疫宿主动物的地理空间分布均表现为聚集型分布,经纬度和海拔等重要环境因素不仅决定着不同疫源地室内鼠疫宿主动物的地理分布格局,也直接影响鼠疫流行和传播的模式.
목적 탐토운남성거민구서역숙주동물지리분포격국급기여서역적관계.방법 근거운남성불동경위도、해발등자연배경조건,재2007년4월지2012년11월,선취운남성17개현(시)적자연촌작위조사점,개전실내서화조적충류、수량화생물량적조사,운용군락결구지표대거민구서류적군락특정화연배경제도적공간분포진행연구.결과 재조사적17개현(시)실내공포획소수390지,경분류감정대속우3목4과7속11충.기중,황흉서、대족서、갈가서위거민구우세충,분별점33.85％(132/390)、20.77％(81/390)화16.92％(66/390).거민구서류적경도분포,이황흉서최엄,동경98°～105°균유분포,기차위갈가서、반흉서화소가서;실내서류위도분포화수직분포상사,균이황흉서분포최엄,북위21°～＜28°화해발500～＜3 500 m균유분포,기구성비수착위도화해발적증가정현선승고후강저적추세,축점경체위대족서、제씨희서등서충.실내서역숙주동물적물충봉부도수경위도증가정현선증고후강저적분포격국,분별재동경98°～＜101°화북위23°～＜28°형성고봉,이수직분포현시출저해발화고해발지대물충봉부도상대교저적특정,고봉위1 000～＜1 500 m화2 000～＜2 500 m수직대.결론 운남거민구서역숙주동물적지리공간분포균표현위취집형분포,경위도화해발등중요배경인소불부결정착불동역원지실내서역숙주동물적지리분포격국,야직접영향서역류행화전파적모식.
Objective To investigate the geographical distribution of plague host animals in residential areas and the association between plague and its distribution pattern in Yunnan Province.Methods A systematic investigation on fauna and community ecology of rodents was carried out in residential areas of 17 counties(cities) of Yunnan Province,southwestern China with different longitude,latitude and elevation from May 2007 to November 2012.The characteristics of the spatial distribution of flea communities along environmental gradients were analyzed using community structure indexes.Results A total of 390 small mammals were trapped in seventeen counties (cities),and the mammals were classified into 11 species and 7 genus in 4 families.Among all small host mammals,Rattus tanezumi,Rattus nitidus and Rattus norvegicus were dominant species of host animals in residential areas,accounting for 33.85％ (132/390),20.77％ (81/390) and 16.92％ (66/390),respectively.The horizontal distribution of rodents showed that Rattus tanezumi was the widest species in residential areas,which was found at the longitude 98°-105°,followed by Rattus norvegicus,Rattus yunnanensis and Mus musculus.The vertical and latitudinal distributions of rodents were similar in residential areas.Rattus tanezumi was also the widest distributed species,which was observed at the latitude 21°-＜ 28°N and at the altitude 500-＜ 3 500 m; the constituent of Rattus tanezumi showed similar trends of leaning peak curves,first gradually increasing and then decreasing with the increase of latitude and elevation; Rattus tanezumi gradually changed into Rattus nitidus and Apodemus chevrieri,et al.The richness spatial distribution patterns of host animals showed similar trends of leaning peak curves which gradually increased and then decreased with increasing of longitude and latitude; the highest richness was observed at the longitude 98°-＜ 101°E and at the latitude 23°-＜ 28°N.While,the richness spatial d istribution patterns of host animals were relatively poor in the low or the high altitude range.The highest richness was observed at the altitude between 1 000-＜ 1 500 m and 2 000-＜ 2 500 m.Conclusions All spatial patterns of indoor host animals have shown an aggregated spatial distribution in Yunnan Province.Moreover,important environmental factors such as longitude,latitude,and altitude play a substantial role on the distribution patterns of indoor host animals among various focus,therefore directly impact on the modes of prevalence and transmission of plague.