中国综合临床
中國綜閤臨床
중국종합림상
CLINICAL MEDICINE OF CHINA
2013年
3期
228-232
,共5页
徐常恩%沈婕%张庆英%李儒芝%段定红%程海东
徐常恩%瀋婕%張慶英%李儒芝%段定紅%程海東
서상은%침첩%장경영%리유지%단정홍%정해동
妊娠期糖尿病%膳食%营养素
妊娠期糖尿病%膳食%營養素
임신기당뇨병%선식%영양소
Pregnancy gestational diabetes%Diet%Nutrients
目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者的饮食特点,并对其膳食营养情况进行分析.方法收集我院孕妇978例,其中GDM组458例,对照组(无GDM发生的正常孕妇)520例,收集其临床资料,设计膳食调查表,回顾性分析两组研究对象饮食特点,通过软件计算两组研究对象每日热量和营养素摄入.结果 两组的膳食结构存在许多差异,每日粗粮、海产品、烧烤类、煎炸类、香肠类、甜品类制品等食物摄入两组比较差异均有统计学意义[GDM组分别为(35.12 ±4.87)、(22.10±8.45)、(6.72±1.76)、(25.34±7.84)、(5.38±1.81)、(50.41±20.76)g,对照组分别为(46.35±5.23)、(39.34±12.45)、(3.45±0.34)、(10.56 ±4.76)、(3.45 ±0.45)、(35.86±10.45)g,t值分别为2.582、10.346、15.452、20.239、18.195、8.472,P均＜0.05].两组每日营养补充剂摄入比较发现,补钙剂的使用两组比较差异有统计学意义(GDM组为43.89％,对照组为72.69％,x2=83.660,P＜0.001),其余比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).GDM患者维生素A、B1、B2、C及钙、铁、锌、硒的每日摄入较对照组少,但仅在钙摄入方面与对照组比较差异有统计学意义[GDM组(785.2±194.5)mg,对照组(945.5±245.2)mg,t=2.795,P=0.005].采用多因素Logistic回归分析发现,GDM发生与过量摄入煎炸类(OR=3.357,95％ CI:2.012 ～ 11.340)、烧烤类(OR=2.652,95％ CI:1.834 ～8.578)、香肠类制品(OR =2.518,95％ CI:1.743～7.421)等有关(P均＜0.05),而增加粗粮(OR =0.632 95％ CI:0.134 ～1.489)、海产品类(OR=0.408,95％ CI:0.105 ～1.189)的摄入可减少GDM的发生(P均＜0.05).结论香肠类、烧烤类、煎炸类制品等摄入增加是GDM发生的危险因素,而粗粮、海产品类的摄入是GDM的保护因素.孕产妇应及时调整饮食结构,适当补充钙剂,对预防GDM发生具有重要作用.
目的 探討妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者的飲食特點,併對其膳食營養情況進行分析.方法收集我院孕婦978例,其中GDM組458例,對照組(無GDM髮生的正常孕婦)520例,收集其臨床資料,設計膳食調查錶,迴顧性分析兩組研究對象飲食特點,通過軟件計算兩組研究對象每日熱量和營養素攝入.結果 兩組的膳食結構存在許多差異,每日粗糧、海產品、燒烤類、煎炸類、香腸類、甜品類製品等食物攝入兩組比較差異均有統計學意義[GDM組分彆為(35.12 ±4.87)、(22.10±8.45)、(6.72±1.76)、(25.34±7.84)、(5.38±1.81)、(50.41±20.76)g,對照組分彆為(46.35±5.23)、(39.34±12.45)、(3.45±0.34)、(10.56 ±4.76)、(3.45 ±0.45)、(35.86±10.45)g,t值分彆為2.582、10.346、15.452、20.239、18.195、8.472,P均＜0.05].兩組每日營養補充劑攝入比較髮現,補鈣劑的使用兩組比較差異有統計學意義(GDM組為43.89％,對照組為72.69％,x2=83.660,P＜0.001),其餘比較差異均無統計學意義(P均＞0.05).GDM患者維生素A、B1、B2、C及鈣、鐵、鋅、硒的每日攝入較對照組少,但僅在鈣攝入方麵與對照組比較差異有統計學意義[GDM組(785.2±194.5)mg,對照組(945.5±245.2)mg,t=2.795,P=0.005].採用多因素Logistic迴歸分析髮現,GDM髮生與過量攝入煎炸類(OR=3.357,95％ CI:2.012 ～ 11.340)、燒烤類(OR=2.652,95％ CI:1.834 ～8.578)、香腸類製品(OR =2.518,95％ CI:1.743～7.421)等有關(P均＜0.05),而增加粗糧(OR =0.632 95％ CI:0.134 ～1.489)、海產品類(OR=0.408,95％ CI:0.105 ～1.189)的攝入可減少GDM的髮生(P均＜0.05).結論香腸類、燒烤類、煎炸類製品等攝入增加是GDM髮生的危險因素,而粗糧、海產品類的攝入是GDM的保護因素.孕產婦應及時調整飲食結構,適噹補充鈣劑,對預防GDM髮生具有重要作用.
목적 탐토임신기당뇨병(GDM)환자적음식특점,병대기선식영양정황진행분석.방법수집아원잉부978례,기중GDM조458례,대조조(무GDM발생적정상잉부)520례,수집기림상자료,설계선식조사표,회고성분석량조연구대상음식특점,통과연건계산량조연구대상매일열량화영양소섭입.결과 량조적선식결구존재허다차이,매일조량、해산품、소고류、전작류、향장류、첨품류제품등식물섭입량조비교차이균유통계학의의[GDM조분별위(35.12 ±4.87)、(22.10±8.45)、(6.72±1.76)、(25.34±7.84)、(5.38±1.81)、(50.41±20.76)g,대조조분별위(46.35±5.23)、(39.34±12.45)、(3.45±0.34)、(10.56 ±4.76)、(3.45 ±0.45)、(35.86±10.45)g,t치분별위2.582、10.346、15.452、20.239、18.195、8.472,P균＜0.05].량조매일영양보충제섭입비교발현,보개제적사용량조비교차이유통계학의의(GDM조위43.89％,대조조위72.69％,x2=83.660,P＜0.001),기여비교차이균무통계학의의(P균＞0.05).GDM환자유생소A、B1、B2、C급개、철、자、서적매일섭입교대조조소,단부재개섭입방면여대조조비교차이유통계학의의[GDM조(785.2±194.5)mg,대조조(945.5±245.2)mg,t=2.795,P=0.005].채용다인소Logistic회귀분석발현,GDM발생여과량섭입전작류(OR=3.357,95％ CI:2.012 ～ 11.340)、소고류(OR=2.652,95％ CI:1.834 ～8.578)、향장류제품(OR =2.518,95％ CI:1.743～7.421)등유관(P균＜0.05),이증가조량(OR =0.632 95％ CI:0.134 ～1.489)、해산품류(OR=0.408,95％ CI:0.105 ～1.189)적섭입가감소GDM적발생(P균＜0.05).결론향장류、소고류、전작류제품등섭입증가시GDM발생적위험인소,이조량、해산품류적섭입시GDM적보호인소.잉산부응급시조정음식결구,괄당보충개제,대예방GDM발생구유중요작용.
Objective To investigate the characteristics of diet in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and analyze their dietary nutrition.Methods Clinical data of 978 cases of pregnant women in our hospital were collected and divided into GDM group(458 cases) and the healthy control group (520 cases).Dietary questionnaire was designed and diet characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.Daily calories and nutrients intake were calculated by software calculation.Results There were significant differences on the dietary pattern between the two groups:daily coarse grains:(35.12 ±4.87) g vs (46.35 ±5.23) g;seafood:(22.10 ± 8.45) g vs (39.34 ± 12.45) g;grilled:(6.72 ± 1.76) g vs (3.45 ±0.34) g;fried:(25.34 ± 7.84)g vs (10.56 ±4.76) g;sausage:(5.38 ± 1.81) g vs (3.45 ± 0.45) g;dessert type products intake:(50.41 ±20.76) g vs (35.86 ± 10.45) g (t =2.582,10.346,15.452,20.239,18.195,8.472,respectively,P ＜0.05).There was only significant difference between the two groups on calcium supplements in daily intake of nutritional supplements(GDM group 43.89％,control group 72.69％,x2 =83.660,P ＜ 0.001),and there was no significant difference on the rests(all P ＞ 0.05).Vitamin A,B1,B2,C and calcium,iron,zinc,selenium daily intake in GDM patients were less than those in the control group,but there was significant difference only in calcium compared with the control group (GDM group (785.2 ± 194.5) mg,control group (945.5 ± 245.2)mg,t =2.795,P =0.005).Multivariate logistic regression found that excessive intake of fried class (OR =3.357,95％ CI =2.012-11.340),barbecue (OR =2.652,95％ CI =1.834-8.578),sausage type products (OR =2.518,95％ CI =1.743-7.421) etc.were dietary factors of GDM (all P ＜ 0.05).Incidence of GDM was significantly increased if taking more.While the increased intake of coarse grains (OR =0.632 95％ CI =0.134-1.489),seafood class(OR =0.408,95％ CI =0.105-1.189) can reduce the occurrence of GDM(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Many unscientific ways of eating involved in pregnant women with GDM.Dessert,sausage,grilled,fried products intake increased the risk factors for GDM.Coarse grains,seafood intake were the protective factors of GDM.Timely adjustment of maternal diet and adequate calcium supplementation played an important role in the prevention of GDM.
