CAJ | 학술논문

目的分析Gamma3型髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折术后发生并发症的原因.方法回顾性分析2006年5月至2011年7月应用Gamma3型髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折186例患者资料,其中24例出现手术并发症,男19例,女5例;年龄42～ 81岁,平均(69.00±3.27)岁.根据AO/OTA分型:A1型8例,A2.1型1例,A3型15例;稳定性骨折9例,占37.5％ (9/24);不稳定性骨折15例,占62.5％(15/24);均为新鲜骨折,排除病理性骨折.手术均采用闭合复位的方式进行固定,内固定器材为史赛克公司生产的短Gamma3型髓内钉.入院至手术时间为3～12d,平均6d;术后3～16d出院.根据术中、术后随访的X线片及Harris功能评价标准对术后疗效进行评价,总结Gamma3型髓内钉在股骨转子间骨折应用中的并发症.结果 24例患者手术时间为45～ 160 min,平均80 min;失血量为300～ 800 ml,平均600 ml;下地时间为术后35 ～ 106 d.Harris评分为75～ 92分,平均81分.24例患者术后发生并发症的原因:1例因未安装保护套筒而导致防旋钉进入大腿内侧肌间隙;3例在闭合复位时进钉点偏外,扩髓时造成股骨外侧壁缺失;5例因插入主钉前扩髓不充分而导致进钉时股骨干近端劈裂;6例反转子间粉碎骨折,小转子嵌入骨折断端,致非解剖复位下置钉,对位欠佳;2例难复型骨折术后出现再移位;3例股骨外侧壁骨折,术后骨折移位;3例骨折粉碎严重、大小转子分离移位明显者选用短Gamma3钉固定,术后发生拉力钉切出;l例股骨干远端锁钉处再骨折.结论对于AO分型中某些特殊类型的骨折,闭合复位短Gam-ma3钉固定具有较高并发症发生率,这多由复位方法、适应证选择不当以及非规范化使用器械造成,因此应明确长、短不同Gamma钉的适用范围及复位方法,尽量规避并发症发生.
목적 분석Gamma3형수내정치료고골전자간골절술후발생병발증적원인.방법 회고성분석2006년5월지2011년7월응용Gamma3형수내정치료고골전자간골절186례환자자료,기중24례출현수술병발증,남19례,녀5례;년령42～ 81세,평균(69.00±3.27)세.근거AO/OTA분형:A1형8례,A2.1형1례,A3형15례;은정성골절9례,점37.5％ (9/24);불은정성골절15례,점62.5％(15/24);균위신선골절,배제병이성골절.수술균채용폐합복위적방식진행고정,내고정기재위사새극공사생산적단Gamma3형수내정.입원지수술시간위3～12d,평균6d;술후3～16d출원.근거술중、술후수방적X선편급Harris공능평개표준대술후료효진행평개,총결Gamma3형수내정재고골전자간골절응용중적병발증.결과 24례환자수술시간위45～ 160 min,평균80 min;실혈량위300～ 800 ml,평균600 ml;하지시간위술후35 ～ 106 d.Harris평분위75～ 92분,평균81분.24례환자술후발생병발증적원인:1례인미안장보호투통이도치방선정진입대퇴내측기간극;3례재폐합복위시진정점편외,확수시조성고골외측벽결실;5례인삽입주정전확수불충분이도치진정시고골간근단벽렬;6례반전자간분쇄골절,소전자감입골절단단,치비해부복위하치정,대위흠가;2례난복형골절술후출현재이위;3례고골외측벽골절,술후골절이위;3례골절분쇄엄중、대소전자분리이위명현자선용단Gamma3정고정,술후발생랍력정절출;l례고골간원단쇄정처재골절.결론 대우AO분형중모사특수류형적골절,폐합복위단Gam-ma3정고정구유교고병발증발생솔,저다유복위방법、괄응증선택불당이급비규범화사용기계조성,인차응명학장、단불동Gamma정적괄용범위급복위방법,진량규피병발증발생.
Objective To evaluate the causes of complications of patients with femoral Intertrochanteric fractures after gamma3 nail fixation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to summarize the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in 186 cases with Gamma3 nail from May 2006 to July 2011.Complications occurred in 24 cases during the operations.19 were males,5 females,with the age from 42 to 81,the average age of 69.00±3.27 years.According to AO/OTA classification,8 cases were type A1,1 case were type A2.1,15 cases were type A3.All patients included were acute fractures,while pathological fractures were excluded.Supine position were selected during operation,close reduction were performed in traction bed.Gamma3 nail made by Stryker Company was used to fix fractures through small incisions.Operational times were from 45 to 160 minutes,averaged by 80 min.Blood lose were 300-800 ml in average.No patient need blood transfusion.The procedure from hospitalized to operation is from 3 to 12 days,6 days in average,discharged from 3 to 16 days after operation.According to the intraoperative and postoperative follow-up evaluation of the X-ray and Harris evaluation criteria,Gamma3 nail complications were summarized in the application.Results Time of surgery in 24 cases were 45-160 min,average 80 min.Blood loss were 300-800 ml,average 600 ml,walking time 35-106 d.Harris evaluation were 75-91 point,average 81 point.The anti-spiral nail dropped into inner thigh muscles occurred in 1 case,causing defects of femoral lateral wall in 3 cases.Splitting fractures occurred in the proximal femoral shaft during the operations in 5 cases,poor fracture reduction during closed reduction in 6 cases.Fracture site were shifted lately postoperative in 5 cases,lag screw cut-out in 3cases and refracture in the site of distal femoral interlocking nail in 1 case.Conclusion Higher incidence of complications were occurred in some special types of AO classification when using close reduction and short Gamma3 nail.The reduction method,wrong indication selection and unreasonable application of equipment may result in the occurence of complications.We,therefore,should use long or short Gamma nail according to their respective induction method and scope of its application,aiming to avoid complications.