中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志
中華航海醫學與高氣壓醫學雜誌
중화항해의학여고기압의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL MEDICINE AND HYPERBARIC MEDICINE
2014年
2期
105-108
,共4页
葛萨萨%郑贵亮%蔡蔚然%周义德
葛薩薩%鄭貴亮%蔡蔚然%週義德
갈살살%정귀량%채위연%주의덕
噪声性聋%听力测定%纯音测听%船员
譟聲性聾%聽力測定%純音測聽%船員
조성성롱%은력측정%순음측은%선원
Noise-induced hearing loss%Audiometry%Pure-tone detection%Sailors
目的 探讨海船船员的听力损伤情况及其特点.方法 对1 000名海船船员(其中甲板部563名,轮机部437名)进行听力检查,将纯音听力测试结果进行评定和分析.结果 各频率听力损伤中4.0 kHz最多见,高音频率听损率大于语音频率,符合噪声性耳聋特点;按海龄≤10、11 ～20、21～30、≥31年分为4组,海龄越长,船员接触噪声的时间越长,听损程度及听损率均呈上升趋势,如海龄31年及以上的人听损率高达35.2％,不同海龄组间的听力损伤程度的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同工作岗位的听损率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),轮机部船员听损率(21.1％)高于甲板部(11.4％);经常注意佩戴防噪耳塞的船员听损率远低于常常忽视佩戴者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 海船船员听力损伤率较高,使用防噪耳塞等护耳器具在一定程度上可以减轻噪声性聋,进一步研究高效、方便、无不良反应的干预手段对减少噪声性聋有迫切的现实意义.
目的 探討海船船員的聽力損傷情況及其特點.方法 對1 000名海船船員(其中甲闆部563名,輪機部437名)進行聽力檢查,將純音聽力測試結果進行評定和分析.結果 各頻率聽力損傷中4.0 kHz最多見,高音頻率聽損率大于語音頻率,符閤譟聲性耳聾特點;按海齡≤10、11 ～20、21～30、≥31年分為4組,海齡越長,船員接觸譟聲的時間越長,聽損程度及聽損率均呈上升趨勢,如海齡31年及以上的人聽損率高達35.2％,不同海齡組間的聽力損傷程度的差異有統計學意義(P＜0.01);不同工作崗位的聽損率的差異有統計學意義(P＜0.01),輪機部船員聽損率(21.1％)高于甲闆部(11.4％);經常註意珮戴防譟耳塞的船員聽損率遠低于常常忽視珮戴者,差異有統計學意義(P＜0.01).結論 海船船員聽力損傷率較高,使用防譟耳塞等護耳器具在一定程度上可以減輕譟聲性聾,進一步研究高效、方便、無不良反應的榦預手段對減少譟聲性聾有迫切的現實意義.
목적 탐토해선선원적은력손상정황급기특점.방법 대1 000명해선선원(기중갑판부563명,륜궤부437명)진행은력검사,장순음은력측시결과진행평정화분석.결과 각빈솔은력손상중4.0 kHz최다견,고음빈솔은손솔대우어음빈솔,부합조성성이롱특점;안해령≤10、11 ～20、21～30、≥31년분위4조,해령월장,선원접촉조성적시간월장,은손정도급은손솔균정상승추세,여해령31년급이상적인은손솔고체35.2％,불동해령조간적은력손상정도적차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01);불동공작강위적은손솔적차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01),륜궤부선원은손솔(21.1％)고우갑판부(11.4％);경상주의패대방조이새적선원은손솔원저우상상홀시패대자,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01).결론 해선선원은력손상솔교고,사용방조이새등호이기구재일정정도상가이감경조성성롱,진일보연구고효、방편、무불량반응적간예수단대감소조성성롱유박절적현실의의.
Objective To investigate the features of hearing loss induced by ship noise among sailors.Methods One thousand sailors,among whom 563 of them were from the deck department and 437 were from the engine department,received hearing tests.Results Of pure tone audiometry detection were evaluated,analyzed and compared.Results For hearing damage at various frequencies,hearing loss at 4 kHz was the most common.The rate of hearing loss at high frequency was greater than that at audio frequency,which conformed to the features of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).The longer the sea service of sailors was and the longer they exposed to ship noise,the greater hearing damage they would sustain.For instance,the rate of hearing loss for sailors with 31 years of sea service or longer would reach as high as 35.2％.Statistical differences could be seen in the severeness of hearing damage among different groups of sailor with different length of sea service (P ＜ 0.01).There was statistical significance in the rate of hearing loss,when comparisons were made between the engine department sailors (21.1％) and the deck department sailors (11.4％) (P ＜ 0.01).The rate of hearing loss for the sailors wearing ear plugs frequently was much lower than those not wearing them,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Due to the high rate of hearing loss among sailors,the application of ear plugs could alleviate noise-induced hearing loss to some extent.It is of practical importance to develop and adopt highly effective,convenient and nontoxic intervention measures or devices against noiseinduced hearing loss.
