CAJ | 학술논문

目的研究定制耳塞对远航船员听力保护的长期效果,为制定相应的卫生保障措施提供科学依据.方法选择远洋测量船机舱区120名接触噪声船员,佩戴定制防护耳塞,作为定制耳塞组;另选择性别、年龄、海龄和作业环境相近的40名船员作为对照,佩戴市售耳塞,称市售耳塞组.于2007-2011年连续跟踪4年,比较2组船员听阈变化及不适反应发生等情况.结果测量船机舱区域噪声以中高频为主,强度在73.3～102.7 dB(A)之间,其LEX,8h≥85dB(A).跟踪调查佩戴定制耳塞船员4年,其各频率听阈无明显变化(P＞0.05);4年后耳聋发生率由4年前的7.5％上升到9.6％,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).定制耳塞佩戴较舒适,不适反应小,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论远洋测量船在执行任务期间其噪声作业环境对船员听力产生不良影响,定制耳塞是针对船员个人外耳道结构量身定制的个体防护用品,对防护船员听力有积极作用.
목적 연구정제이새대원항선원은력보호적장기효과,위제정상응적위생보장조시제공과학의거.방법 선택원양측량선궤창구120명접촉조성선원,패대정제방호이새,작위정제이새조;령선택성별、년령、해령화작업배경상근적40명선원작위대조,패대시수이새,칭시수이새조.우2007-2011년련속근종4년,비교2조선원은역변화급불괄반응발생등정황.결과 측량선궤창구역조성이중고빈위주,강도재73.3～102.7 dB(A)지간,기LEX,8h≥85dB(A).근종조사패대정제이새선원4년,기각빈솔은역무명현변화(P＞0.05);4년후이롱발생솔유4년전적7.5％상승도9.6％,단차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05).정제이새패대교서괄,불괄반응소,여대조조비교차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05).결론 원양측량선재집행임무기간기조성작업배경대선원은력산생불량영향,정제이새시침대선원개인외이도결구량신정제적개체방호용품,대방호선원은력유적겁작용.
Objective To investigate long-term protective effects of custom-made hearing earplugs on the hearing of oceangoing seafarers,so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of related countermeasures against noise-induced hearing damage.Methods One hundred and twenty noise-exposed ship crew members,who were randomly selected from the engineering department of the surveillance ship and wore custom-made hearing protection earplugs (HPE) were chosen as the custom-made hearing protection earplug group.Other 40 ship crew members with similar age,years of sea service and gender,who wore earlyplugs readily available from market,were chosen as the market ear-plug group.A follow-up study was made for successively 4 years from 2007 to 2011,and then,changes in hearing thresholds and adverse reactions were compared between the crews of the 2 groups.Results Noise in the engineering department of the surveillance ship was mainly medium and high frequency noise and intensity was between 73.3 dB (A) and 102.7 dB (A),with LEX,8h ≥ 85 dB (A).A 4-year consecutive investigation on the seafarers wearing the custom-made earplugs indicated that there was no significant changes in the hearing threshold at various frequencies (P ＞0.05).Four years later,incidence of deafness among the seafarers increased from 7.5％ to 9.6％,but without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Custom-made earplugs were more comfortable to wear,with little discomfort,and statistical significance could be noted,when compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Noise environment onboard the surveillance ship had adverse effects on the hearing of seafarers during prolonged operation at sea.Custom-made earplugs were individual hearing protection devices that were designed and built according to individual outer ear canal structures,for that reason,they could offer positive hearing protection for the ship crew.