CAJ | 학술논문

目的分析2009年北京市综合医院急诊科抢救的自杀患者的自杀行为特征、规律和救治情况,为在急诊中进行自杀抢救工作提供依据,并为自杀干预工作提供实证经验.方法按照北京市卫生局提供的272家综合医院的名单抽取110家综合医院的急诊科作为调查点,采用自编的急诊室自杀案例登记表收集患者的一般人口学资料、自杀方式、在院抢救时间及救治结果.采用卡方检验比较男女自杀行为特征的差异.结果到急诊室抢救的资料完整的自杀患者2 812例,男性787例(28％),女性2 025例(72％),女性显著多于男性[男:女为1:2.57;x2 =185.89,自由度(f)=1,P =0.000];男性平均年龄大于女性[(38±18)岁比(35±17)岁,t=-4.05,P=0.000];15 ～ 34岁年龄组自杀患者占所有自杀患者的59.4％(1 670/2 812).女性自杀行为者中15～ 34岁年龄组占61.4％(1 244/2 025),高于同年龄组男性自杀者的54.1％(426/2 025),男性自杀行为者中其他年龄组的比例高于同年龄组女性自杀行为者(x2=19.832,df=3,P=0.000).到急诊室抢救的自杀患者以服毒为主,占86.5％(2 431/2 812),最主要使用的毒物是治疗性药物,占73.7％ (2 073/2 812),其次是农药,占11.1％(312/2 812);割腕是主要的非服毒自杀方式,占11.7％(330/2 812).女性自杀者服毒比例多于男性,男性自杀者非服毒比例多于女性(x2=112.02,df=5,P=0.000).男女自杀行为在季节上的差异无统计学意义(x2 =2.16,f=3,P=0.539).急诊室抢救的自杀患者中,死亡20例(0.7％),自杀行为致死率的男女性别比为1.67:1,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.44,f=1,P =0.230).结论北京市综合医院急诊科抢救的自杀患者以服毒自杀为主,医院应加强对各种毒物进行抢救的能力,相关部门应加强对有毒物品的管理.
목적 분석2009년북경시종합의원급진과창구적자살환자적자살행위특정、규률화구치정황,위재급진중진행자살창구공작제공의거,병위자살간예공작제공실증경험.방법 안조북경시위생국제공적272가종합의원적명단추취110가종합의원적급진과작위조사점,채용자편적급진실자살안례등기표수집환자적일반인구학자료、자살방식、재원창구시간급구치결과.채용잡방검험비교남녀자살행위특정적차이.결과 도급진실창구적자료완정적자살환자2 812례,남성787례(28％),녀성2 025례(72％),녀성현저다우남성[남:녀위1:2.57;x2 =185.89,자유도(f)=1,P =0.000];남성평균년령대우녀성[(38±18)세비(35±17)세,t=-4.05,P=0.000];15 ～ 34세년령조자살환자점소유자살환자적59.4％(1 670/2 812).녀성자살행위자중15～ 34세년령조점61.4％(1 244/2 025),고우동년령조남성자살자적54.1％(426/2 025),남성자살행위자중기타년령조적비례고우동년령조녀성자살행위자(x2=19.832,df=3,P=0.000).도급진실창구적자살환자이복독위주,점86.5％(2 431/2 812),최주요사용적독물시치료성약물,점73.7％ (2 073/2 812),기차시농약,점11.1％(312/2 812);할완시주요적비복독자살방식,점11.7％(330/2 812).녀성자살자복독비례다우남성,남성자살자비복독비례다우녀성(x2=112.02,df=5,P=0.000).남녀자살행위재계절상적차이무통계학의의(x2 =2.16,f=3,P=0.539).급진실창구적자살환자중,사망20례(0.7％),자살행위치사솔적남녀성별비위1.67:1,차이무통계학의의(x2=1.44,f=1,P =0.230).결론 북경시종합의원급진과창구적자살환자이복독자살위주,의원응가강대각충독물진행창구적능력,상관부문응가강대유독물품적관리.
Objective To analyze the characteristics and treatments of suicidal cases in emergency rooms of Beijing general hospitals in 2009,providing empirical evidence for the rescue of the suicide victims and suicide intervention.Methods One hundred and ten emergency departments were sampled from 272 listed general hospitals provided by Beijing Health Bureau.A self-made registry questionnaire for suicide cases was used to collect necessary information,including general demographic data,methods of suicide,duration of stay in hospital and treatment results.The difference on suicide between the male and the female was determined by chi-squared test.Results The data of 2 812 suicide cases rescued in emergency rooms were collected,with the ratio of male to female being 1:2.57 (x2 =185.89,df=1,P =0.000).The average age of the suicidal men was significantly higher than that of the women ((38 + 18) vs.(35 ± 17),t =-4.05,P=0.000).The suicide rate for the age group of 15 to 34 years was the highest (59.4％,1 670/2 812,x2 =19.832,df=3,P =0.000) among all groups.The percentage of female suicide cases from 15 to 34 years (61.4％,1 244/2 025)was higher than that of male suicide cases in the same age range (54.1％,426/2 025),the percentage of male suicide cases of other age groups was higher than that of female suicide cases in the same age range (x2 =19.832,df =3,P =0.000).Of all the cases,the most common suicide method was poisoning,accounting for 86.5％ (2 431/2 812),with the most used poisonous substances being drugs (73.7％,2 073/2 812) and pesticides (11.1％,312/2 812).Among the nonpoisoning suicide cases,cutting(11.7％,330/2 812) was the most common method.The rate of poisoning was higher among women than the men,and the rate of non-poisoning was higher among the men than the women(x2 =112.02,df =5,P =0.000).There was no significant seasonal differences on the suicide between male and female (x2 =2.16,df=3,P =0.539).Twenty cases (0.7％) were fatal.The ratio of suicide mortality between male and female was 1.67:1 (x2 =1.44,df =1,P =0.230).Conclusion A majority of the suicide cases rescued in emergency departments of Beijing general hospitals involves poisoning,so it is important to enhance the rescue capability for various poisons to increase the cure rate.Meanwhile,it is also essential for the government to reinforce the control to drugs.