CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解北京心理危机干预热线因本人问题来电咨询者的特征及其自杀相关因素的出现率,并对不同性别来电者的特征进行比较.方法对2002年12月至2008年12月间打进热线且为自己心理问题咨询的38 526名来电者进行一般人口学特征、求助主要问题、自杀相关因素等方面的分析,并按性别进行分组比较.结果 38 526名来电者中,女性19 447名(50.5％),年龄＜ 45岁31 351名(81.4％),高中或以上文化程度者24 637名(63.9％),从未因心理问题就诊者17 462名(45.3％);前三类求助问题为精神疾病、获取信息和家庭关系问题.年龄＞ 30岁、高中以上(不包括高中)学历、有过婚史、因家庭关系问题来电的女性多于男性,而因工作、学习及经济问题来电的男性多于女性(均P＜0.05).在接受自杀相关因素评估的22 415名来电者中,12 232名(54.6％)目前有自杀意念或行为,4 316名(19.3％)有自杀未遂既往史,16 737名(74.7％)存在精神疾病的症状,7 980名(35.6％)抑郁程度高,11 630名(51.9％)存在慢性负性生活事件.比较自杀相关因素的出现率,女性有自杀意念或行为(58.2％比50.5％)、有自杀未遂既往史(22.8％比15.0％)、有精神疾病的症状(75.3％比73.9％)、有严重躯体疾病(14.0％比12.3％)、有慢性生活事件(55.3％比48.0％)、遭受过躯体/性虐待(6.1％比3.7％)、有急性生活事件(33,1％比26.8％)、亲友有自杀行为史(29.4％比28.2％)的比例高于男性,男性物质滥用(13.6％比8.8％)的比例高于女性,均P＜0.05或P＜0.01.结论北京心理危机干预热线因本人问题来电咨询者的自杀相关因素出现率较高,男女不同性别来电者在一般入口学特征、求助主要问题以及自杀相关因素等方面均存在差异.
목적 료해북경심리위궤간예열선인본인문제래전자순자적특정급기자살상관인소적출현솔,병대불동성별래전자적특정진행비교.방법 대2002년12월지2008년12월간타진열선차위자기심리문제자순적38 526명래전자진행일반인구학특정、구조주요문제、자살상관인소등방면적분석,병안성별진행분조비교.결과 38 526명래전자중,녀성19 447명(50.5％),년령＜ 45세31 351명(81.4％),고중혹이상문화정도자24 637명(63.9％),종미인심리문제취진자17 462명(45.3％);전삼류구조문제위정신질병、획취신식화가정관계문제.년령＞ 30세、고중이상(불포괄고중)학력、유과혼사、인가정관계문제래전적녀성다우남성,이인공작、학습급경제문제래전적남성다우녀성(균P＜0.05).재접수자살상관인소평고적22 415명래전자중,12 232명(54.6％)목전유자살의념혹행위,4 316명(19.3％)유자살미수기왕사,16 737명(74.7％)존재정신질병적증상,7 980명(35.6％)억욱정도고,11 630명(51.9％)존재만성부성생활사건.비교자살상관인소적출현솔,녀성유자살의념혹행위(58.2％비50.5％)、유자살미수기왕사(22.8％비15.0％)、유정신질병적증상(75.3％비73.9％)、유엄중구체질병(14.0％비12.3％)、유만성생활사건(55.3％비48.0％)、조수과구체/성학대(6.1％비3.7％)、유급성생활사건(33,1％비26.8％)、친우유자살행위사(29.4％비28.2％)적비례고우남성,남성물질람용(13.6％비8.8％)적비례고우녀성,균P＜0.05혹P＜0.01.결론 북경심리위궤간예열선인본인문제래전자순자적자살상관인소출현솔교고,남녀불동성별래전자재일반입구학특정、구조주요문제이급자살상관인소등방면균존재차이.
Objective To understand the characteristics of Beijing crisis hotline callers who seeking help for their own problems and the rates of factors related to suicidal behaviors among female and male callers.Methods All callers using the hotline for the purpose of their own problems from December 2002 to December 2008 were recruited and interviewed.Information of demographic characteristics,common problems that need counselling and suicidal-behavior-related factors were collected via the hotline.Results Among the 38 526 callers,19 447 (50.5％) were females,31 351 (81.4％) were younger than 5 years old,24 637(63.9％) had a high school or higher education level,and 17 462(45.3％) had never received any professional help for mental health problems.Three most common problems were mental disorders,seeking for information,and family relationship problems.Compared to male callers,female callers were more likely to be 30 years or older,having higher education level,currently married or having a history of marriage,and having more family relationship problems.Male callers had more work,study,or financial problems than female callers (P ＜ 0.05).Among 22 415 callers who received assessment of suicidalbehavior-related factors,12 232 (54.6％) reported having current suicidal ideation or behavior,4 316 (19.3％) had prior suicide attempts; 16 737(74.7％) had symptoms of mental illness,7 980(35.6％)had a high score of depressive symptoms; 11 630(51.9％) had chronic negative life events.Female callers had higher prevalence of most suicidal-related-factors than male callers,which are suicidal ideation or behavior(58.2％ vs.50.5％),prior suicide history(22.8％ vs.15.0％),symptoms of mental illness (75.3％ vs.73.9％),serious physical illness(14.0％ vs.12.3％),chronic negative life events (55.3％ vs.48.0％),physical/sexual abuse (6.1％ vs.3.7％),acute negative life events (33.1％ vs.26.8％),relatives or associates had prior suicide history (29.4％ vs.28.2％),male callers had higher prevalence of substance abuse than female callers(13.6％ vs.8.8％),P＜0.05 orP＜0.01.Conclusion The rates of suicide-related-factors are high among Beijing crisis hotline callers who seeking help for their problems.Demographic characteristics and prevalence of suicidal-behavior-related factors are different between male and female callers.