中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
2013年
5期
321-334
,共14页
张敏%王丹%郑迎东%杜燮祎%陈曙旸
張敏%王丹%鄭迎東%杜燮祎%陳曙旸
장민%왕단%정영동%두섭의%진서양
中国%尘肺%矽肺%石棉肺%流行病学研究
中國%塵肺%矽肺%石棉肺%流行病學研究
중국%진폐%석폐%석면폐%류행병학연구
China%Pneumoconiosis%Silicosis%Asbestosis%Epidemiological study
目的 描述我国1997至2009年累计报告新发尘肺病发病情况,探讨报告尘肺病的发病趋势和特征,为制定尘肺病防治政策、科学研究和建立尘肺病监测与预警的时序模型提供基础数据.方法 使用SPSS15.0统计分析软件对1997至2009年国家尘肺病新发病例数据库进行系统性整理并做描述性分析和趋势性检验,包括尘肺病新发病例的年度分布、病种分布、地区分布、工业系统分布和工种分布以及平均发病工龄、发病年龄的年度变化趋势.结果 (1)1997至2009年,累计报告各类尘肺病新发病例122 333例,自1998年起尘肺病新发病例数总体呈上升趋势,自2003年出现回落至7620例后又继续攀升,2009年病例数最多,为12 492例.(2)煤工尘肺、矽肺占总病例数的87.5％,分别为54 068例(44.2％)和52 930例(43.3％).(3)湖南省、山东省和四川省累计报告尘肺病新发病例数分列前3位,分别为12 995例(10.6％)、8952例(7.3％)和8417例(6.9％).(4)煤炭、建材、有色金属和冶金行业累计报告尘肺病新发病例数分列前4位,分别为61 270例(50.1％)、9754例(8.0％)、9380例(7.7％)和8773例(7.2％).(5)累计报告尘肺病新发病例的工种主要为主掘进、主采煤、凿岩、纯掘进和煤矿混合等工种,分别为15 659例(12.8％)、15 009例(12.3％)、14 010例(11.5％)、12 122例(9.9％)和10 612例(8.7％).(6)1997至2009年,各类报告尘肺病新发病例的平均发病工龄总体呈缩短趋势,尘肺病发病工龄中位数为20.00年,其中煤工尘肺、矽肺和石棉肺发病工龄中位数分别为21.58年、17.00年和20.00年.(7)尘肺病发病年龄中位数为51.00岁,1997至2009年各类报告尘肺病新发病例的平均发病年龄呈现上升趋势.结论 尘肺病发病形势依然严峻,呈现行业、工种和病种的明显集中趋势,其发病例数上升趋势明显,发病工龄呈现明显缩短趋势；应根据尘肺病的发病特征,加强重点行业、工种的尘肺病防治工作；开展粉尘职业危害综合性防治干预示范工程,构建尘肺病监测预警体系.
目的 描述我國1997至2009年纍計報告新髮塵肺病髮病情況,探討報告塵肺病的髮病趨勢和特徵,為製定塵肺病防治政策、科學研究和建立塵肺病鑑測與預警的時序模型提供基礎數據.方法 使用SPSS15.0統計分析軟件對1997至2009年國傢塵肺病新髮病例數據庫進行繫統性整理併做描述性分析和趨勢性檢驗,包括塵肺病新髮病例的年度分佈、病種分佈、地區分佈、工業繫統分佈和工種分佈以及平均髮病工齡、髮病年齡的年度變化趨勢.結果 (1)1997至2009年,纍計報告各類塵肺病新髮病例122 333例,自1998年起塵肺病新髮病例數總體呈上升趨勢,自2003年齣現迴落至7620例後又繼續攀升,2009年病例數最多,為12 492例.(2)煤工塵肺、矽肺佔總病例數的87.5％,分彆為54 068例(44.2％)和52 930例(43.3％).(3)湖南省、山東省和四川省纍計報告塵肺病新髮病例數分列前3位,分彆為12 995例(10.6％)、8952例(7.3％)和8417例(6.9％).(4)煤炭、建材、有色金屬和冶金行業纍計報告塵肺病新髮病例數分列前4位,分彆為61 270例(50.1％)、9754例(8.0％)、9380例(7.7％)和8773例(7.2％).(5)纍計報告塵肺病新髮病例的工種主要為主掘進、主採煤、鑿巖、純掘進和煤礦混閤等工種,分彆為15 659例(12.8％)、15 009例(12.3％)、14 010例(11.5％)、12 122例(9.9％)和10 612例(8.7％).(6)1997至2009年,各類報告塵肺病新髮病例的平均髮病工齡總體呈縮短趨勢,塵肺病髮病工齡中位數為20.00年,其中煤工塵肺、矽肺和石棉肺髮病工齡中位數分彆為21.58年、17.00年和20.00年.(7)塵肺病髮病年齡中位數為51.00歲,1997至2009年各類報告塵肺病新髮病例的平均髮病年齡呈現上升趨勢.結論 塵肺病髮病形勢依然嚴峻,呈現行業、工種和病種的明顯集中趨勢,其髮病例數上升趨勢明顯,髮病工齡呈現明顯縮短趨勢；應根據塵肺病的髮病特徵,加彊重點行業、工種的塵肺病防治工作；開展粉塵職業危害綜閤性防治榦預示範工程,構建塵肺病鑑測預警體繫.
목적 묘술아국1997지2009년루계보고신발진폐병발병정황,탐토보고진폐병적발병추세화특정,위제정진폐병방치정책、과학연구화건립진폐병감측여예경적시서모형제공기출수거.방법 사용SPSS15.0통계분석연건대1997지2009년국가진폐병신발병례수거고진행계통성정리병주묘술성분석화추세성검험,포괄진폐병신발병례적년도분포、병충분포、지구분포、공업계통분포화공충분포이급평균발병공령、발병년령적년도변화추세.결과 (1)1997지2009년,루계보고각류진폐병신발병례122 333례,자1998년기진폐병신발병례수총체정상승추세,자2003년출현회락지7620례후우계속반승,2009년병례수최다,위12 492례.(2)매공진폐、석폐점총병례수적87.5％,분별위54 068례(44.2％)화52 930례(43.3％).(3)호남성、산동성화사천성루계보고진폐병신발병례수분렬전3위,분별위12 995례(10.6％)、8952례(7.3％)화8417례(6.9％).(4)매탄、건재、유색금속화야금행업루계보고진폐병신발병례수분렬전4위,분별위61 270례(50.1％)、9754례(8.0％)、9380례(7.7％)화8773례(7.2％).(5)루계보고진폐병신발병례적공충주요위주굴진、주채매、착암、순굴진화매광혼합등공충,분별위15 659례(12.8％)、15 009례(12.3％)、14 010례(11.5％)、12 122례(9.9％)화10 612례(8.7％).(6)1997지2009년,각류보고진폐병신발병례적평균발병공령총체정축단추세,진폐병발병공령중위수위20.00년,기중매공진폐、석폐화석면폐발병공령중위수분별위21.58년、17.00년화20.00년.(7)진폐병발병년령중위수위51.00세,1997지2009년각류보고진폐병신발병례적평균발병년령정현상승추세.결론 진폐병발병형세의연엄준,정현행업、공충화병충적명현집중추세,기발병례수상승추세명현,발병공령정현명현축단추세；응근거진폐병적발병특정,가강중점행업、공충적진폐병방치공작；개전분진직업위해종합성방치간예시범공정,구건진폐병감측예경체계.
Objective To describe the incidence of pneumoconiosis reported in China from 1997 to 2009 and investigate the epidemiological trends and characteristics of pneumoconiosis,and to provide basic data for formulating the guidelines and policies for control of pneumoconiosis,research on pneumoconiosis,and establishing the time series model for monitoring and early warning of pneumoconiosis.Methods The national database of new cases of pneumoconiosis reported from 1997 to 2009 was subjected to systematic arrangement,descriptive analysis,and trend test using SPSS 15.0.The statistical indices included number of new pneumoconiosis cases in each year,types of pneumoconiosis,regional and industrial distributions of pneumoconiosis cases,work types of pneumoconiosis cases,and the annual changes in mean length of service and mean age at the onset of pneumoconiosis.Results From 1997 to 2009,a total of 122 333 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported; the number of new cases increased since 1998,but fell to 7620 in 2003,and then it increased again to a maximum of 12 492 in 2009.Of all patients,87.5％ were cases of coal-workers'pneumoconiosis and silicosis; 54 068 (44.2％) were coal-workers' pneumoconiosis cases,and 52 930 (43.3％) were silicosis cases.The pneumoconiosis cases were distributed mainly in Hunan Province (12 995 cases,10.6％),Shandong Province (8952 cases,7.3％),and Sichuan Province (8417 cases,6.9％).Most cases were distributed in coal industry (61 270 cases,50.1％),architectural,material industry (9754 cases,8.0％),nonferrous metals industry (9380 cases,7.7％),and metallurgical industry (8773 cases,7.2％).The work types of these cases mainly included tunneling as the main work (15 659 cases,12.8％),mining as the main work (15 009 cases,12.3％),drilling (14010 cases,11.5％),tunneling (12 122 cases,9.9％),and hybrid coal mine work (1 0 612 cases,8.7％).The mean length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis in new cases of pneumoconiosis was shortened from 1997 to 2009,with a median length of service of 20.00 years; the median lengths of service at the onsets of coalworkers' pneumoconiosis,silicosis,and asbestosis were 21.58,17.00,and 20.00 years,respectively.The median age at the onset of pneumoconiosis was 51.00 years,and the mean age of onset in new cases of pneumoconiosis increased over the 13 years.Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis is still high,with a marked concentrated trend in several industries,work types,and pneumoconiosis types,a marked rising trend in number of new cases,and a marked shortening trend in length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis.The prevention and control of pneumoconiosis should be enhanced in key industries and for people engaging in key types of work according to the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis.In addition,the demonstration project of comprehensive prevention and control of occupational dust hazards should be carried out,and the monitoring and early warning system for pneumoconiosis should be established.
