CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解铝工业接氟工人恶性肿瘤的发病情况.方法以铝电解废气净化车间为中心,在不同半径距离的工作位点设采样点检测空气中的氟、铝和苯并[a]芘浓度,氟离子选择电极法测定氟,原子吸收分光光度法测定铝,高效液相色谱法测定苯并[a]芘.通过问卷和医院病历调查该厂职工1995至2009年肿瘤发生情况,进行统计分析.结果在氟排放源不同半径距离的工作位点空气中的氟和铝浓度依次降低,与中心距离呈负向趋势,各点苯并[a]芘均未检出；厂区工人肿瘤粗发病率为117.95/10万(标化率为58.81/10万),标化发病率女性比男性高(男∶女=1∶2.64).肿瘤发病年龄高峰为40～49岁,前2位肿瘤男性为肝癌和肺癌,女性为乳腺癌和肺癌,与企业所在市非暴露人群比较,工人的氟暴露使女性肿瘤发病率升高,为该市的2.14倍,肿瘤发病年龄提前,肿瘤构成基本相同.结论铝工业接触氟有使女性工人肿瘤发生率增高的趋势.
목적 료해려공업접불공인악성종류적발병정황.방법 이려전해폐기정화차간위중심,재불동반경거리적공작위점설채양점검측공기중적불、려화분병[a]비농도,불리자선택전겁법측정불,원자흡수분광광도법측정려,고효액상색보법측정분병[a]비.통과문권화의원병력조사해엄직공1995지2009년종류발생정황,진행통계분석.결과 재불배방원불동반경거리적공작위점공기중적불화려농도의차강저,여중심거리정부향추세,각점분병[a]비균미검출；엄구공인종류조발병솔위117.95/10만(표화솔위58.81/10만),표화발병솔녀성비남성고(남∶녀=1∶2.64).종류발병년령고봉위40～49세,전2위종류남성위간암화폐암,녀성위유선암화폐암,여기업소재시비폭로인군비교,공인적불폭로사녀성종류발병솔승고,위해시적2.14배,종류발병년령제전,종류구성기본상동.결론 려공업접촉불유사녀성공인종류발생솔증고적추세.
Objective To investigate the incidence of malignant tumors among fluoride-exposed workers in aluminum industry.Methods Sampling points were set in the working positions at different radii around an workshop for treating the waste gas from aluminum electrolysis,and the concentrations of fluoride ions,aluminum,and benzo [a]pyrene (B[a]P) in air were measured by electrode method,atomic absorption spectrophotometry,and high performance liquid chromatography,respectively.The incidence of tumors among the workers in the aluminum plant from 1995 to 2009 was investigated by questionnaires and medical records and then statistically analyzed.Results There was a negative correlation between the concentrations of fluoride and aluminum and the radius around the fluoride source at each sampling point.B[a]P was not detected at each sampling point.The crude incidence rate of tumors among factory workers was 117.95/100 000(standardized rate=58.81/100 000); the standardized incidence rate of tumors was higher in female workers than in male workers (male-to-female ratio=1:2.64).The peak age of onset of tumors was 40～49 years.The most and second most common tumors were liver cancer and lung cancer in male workers and breast cancer and lung cancer in female workers.Compared with the unexposed population in the city where the aluminum plant was located,the female fluoride-exposed workers had an increased tumor incidence,2.14 times that of the city's average level,and the fluoride-exposed workers had a younger age of onset of tumors and approximately the same types of tumors.Conclusion Fluoride exposure may lead to an increasing trend in tumor incidence among female workers in aluminum industry.