中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
2014年
9期
679-683
,共5页
职业卫生%应对策略%工作满意感%职业应激
職業衛生%應對策略%工作滿意感%職業應激
직업위생%응대책략%공작만의감%직업응격
Occupational health%Copping Strategy%Job satisfaction%Occupational stress
目的 探讨企业工人职业应激应对策略影响因素.方法 2008年11月至2009年6月,采取整群抽样方法,选取13家企业对6 711名工人进行匿名调查,用职业应激测量工具、工作内容问卷和付出-回报失衡问卷等测试工人的应对策略、职业应激因素、应激反应和社会支持.5 338名工人的资料进入最后的统计处理.总体应答率为79.6％.结果 调查对象的应对策略评分中位数为26(23～30)(P25～P75).男性和女性调查对象的应对策略评分分别为(26.56±5.30)和(26.07±5.37),差异有统计学意义(Z=10.02,P＜0.01);管理人员应对策略评分最高(27.41±4.86),一线工人应对策略评分最低(26.28±5.36),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.38,P＜0.01);每周工作时间≤40 h、41～50 h、51～59 h和≥60 h者应对策略评分分别为(26.93±5.36)、(26.72±5.11)、(25.74±5.30)和(25.09±5.83),差异有统计学意义(x2=22.12,P＜0.01).相关分析表明应对策略与决定水平(r=0.183,P＜0.01)、回报(r=0.207,P＜0.01)、正性情绪(r=0.244 P＜0.01)、上级支持(r=0.176,P＜0.01)、同事支持(r=0.176,P＜0.01)和工作满意感(r=0.171,P＜0.01)呈正相关,与心理需求(r=-0.157,P＜0.01)、躯体需求(r=-0.099,P＜0.01)、负性情绪(r=-0.093,P＜0.01)和抑郁症状(r=-0.208,P＜0.01)呈负相关.应对策略评分高组的决定水平、回报、社会支持、工作满意感和正性情绪评分高于应对策略评分中等水平或低水平者,而应对策略评分高组抑郁症状和负性情绪评分明显低于应对策略中等水平和低水平者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 工人所在的企业类型、个体特征、工作时间、健康状况等对职业应激的应对策略存在影响.
目的 探討企業工人職業應激應對策略影響因素.方法 2008年11月至2009年6月,採取整群抽樣方法,選取13傢企業對6 711名工人進行匿名調查,用職業應激測量工具、工作內容問捲和付齣-迴報失衡問捲等測試工人的應對策略、職業應激因素、應激反應和社會支持.5 338名工人的資料進入最後的統計處理.總體應答率為79.6％.結果 調查對象的應對策略評分中位數為26(23～30)(P25～P75).男性和女性調查對象的應對策略評分分彆為(26.56±5.30)和(26.07±5.37),差異有統計學意義(Z=10.02,P＜0.01);管理人員應對策略評分最高(27.41±4.86),一線工人應對策略評分最低(26.28±5.36),差異有統計學意義(x2=5.38,P＜0.01);每週工作時間≤40 h、41～50 h、51～59 h和≥60 h者應對策略評分分彆為(26.93±5.36)、(26.72±5.11)、(25.74±5.30)和(25.09±5.83),差異有統計學意義(x2=22.12,P＜0.01).相關分析錶明應對策略與決定水平(r=0.183,P＜0.01)、迴報(r=0.207,P＜0.01)、正性情緒(r=0.244 P＜0.01)、上級支持(r=0.176,P＜0.01)、同事支持(r=0.176,P＜0.01)和工作滿意感(r=0.171,P＜0.01)呈正相關,與心理需求(r=-0.157,P＜0.01)、軀體需求(r=-0.099,P＜0.01)、負性情緒(r=-0.093,P＜0.01)和抑鬱癥狀(r=-0.208,P＜0.01)呈負相關.應對策略評分高組的決定水平、迴報、社會支持、工作滿意感和正性情緒評分高于應對策略評分中等水平或低水平者,而應對策略評分高組抑鬱癥狀和負性情緒評分明顯低于應對策略中等水平和低水平者,差異有統計學意義(P＜0.01).結論 工人所在的企業類型、箇體特徵、工作時間、健康狀況等對職業應激的應對策略存在影響.
목적 탐토기업공인직업응격응대책략영향인소.방법 2008년11월지2009년6월,채취정군추양방법,선취13가기업대6 711명공인진행닉명조사,용직업응격측량공구、공작내용문권화부출-회보실형문권등측시공인적응대책략、직업응격인소、응격반응화사회지지.5 338명공인적자료진입최후적통계처리.총체응답솔위79.6％.결과 조사대상적응대책략평분중위수위26(23～30)(P25～P75).남성화녀성조사대상적응대책략평분분별위(26.56±5.30)화(26.07±5.37),차이유통계학의의(Z=10.02,P＜0.01);관리인원응대책략평분최고(27.41±4.86),일선공인응대책략평분최저(26.28±5.36),차이유통계학의의(x2=5.38,P＜0.01);매주공작시간≤40 h、41～50 h、51～59 h화≥60 h자응대책략평분분별위(26.93±5.36)、(26.72±5.11)、(25.74±5.30)화(25.09±5.83),차이유통계학의의(x2=22.12,P＜0.01).상관분석표명응대책략여결정수평(r=0.183,P＜0.01)、회보(r=0.207,P＜0.01)、정성정서(r=0.244 P＜0.01)、상급지지(r=0.176,P＜0.01)、동사지지(r=0.176,P＜0.01)화공작만의감(r=0.171,P＜0.01)정정상관,여심리수구(r=-0.157,P＜0.01)、구체수구(r=-0.099,P＜0.01)、부성정서(r=-0.093,P＜0.01)화억욱증상(r=-0.208,P＜0.01)정부상관.응대책략평분고조적결정수평、회보、사회지지、공작만의감화정성정서평분고우응대책략평분중등수평혹저수평자,이응대책략평분고조억욱증상화부성정서평분명현저우응대책략중등수평화저수평자,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01).결론 공인소재적기업류형、개체특정、공작시간、건강상황등대직업응격적응대책략존재영향.
Objective To investigate the influential factors for the coping strategy for occupational stress among workers in thirteen enterprises.Methods An anonymous survey was conducted in 6711 workers in 13 enterprises selected by cluster sampling from November 2008 to June 2009.Coping strategy,occupational stressors,stress response,and social support were measured using occupational stress instruments,job content questionnaire,and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire.The data from 5338 workers were statistically analyzed; the overall response rate was 79.6％.Results The median coping strategy score was 26 (23-30) (P25～ P75).The coping strategy score of male workers (26.56±5.30) was significantly higher than that of female workers (26.07±5.37) (Z=10.02,P＜0.01).Coping strategy score was the highest in managers (27.41±4.86) and the lowest in front-line workers (26.28±5.36),with a significant difference between the two groups (x2=5.38,P＜0.01).The coping strategy scores of workers with weekly job times of ≤40 h,41-50 h,51-59 h,and ≥ 60 h were 26.93±5.36,26.72±5.11,25.74±5.30,and 25.09±5.83,respectively (x2=22.12,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis revealed that coping strategy score was positively correlated with decision level (r=0.183,P＜0.01),reward (r=0.207,P＜0.01),positive emotion (r=0.244,P＜0.01),superior support (r=0.176,P＜0.01),coworker support (r=0.176,P＜0.01),and job satisfaction (r=0.171,P＜0.01),but negatively correlated with psychological demands (r=-0.157,P＜0.01),physical demands (r=-0.099,P＜0.01),negative emotion (r=-0.093,P＜0.01),and depressive symptoms scores (r=-0.208,P＜0.01).Compared with those with middle or low coping strategy scores,workers with high coping strategy scores reported higher decision level,reward,social support,job satisfaction,and positive emotion scores (P＜0.01) but lower depressive symptom and negative emotion scores (P＜0.01).Conclusion Enterprise type,individual factors,health status,and work time,have effects on the coping strategy for occupational stress of occupational stress.
