CAJ | 학술논문

为了提高大棚农业生产中的冻害防御能力,该文研制了用于南方塑料大棚冻害防御的温室大棚智能增温器,并实际试验了该增温器的使用效果和使用成本.该增温器以酒精作为燃料,以置于温室大棚内关键位置的温度传感器作为启动和关闭的信号源,能够根据棚内实际温度变化进行精确加温.在试验棚(增温器加热,长度和跨度为8 m×40 m的双层塑料大棚)和对照棚(不加热,长度和跨度为8 m×40 m的双层塑料大棚)进行了连续12 d的对比试验.试验表明,在夜间试验棚的温度比对照棚高2~3℃,维持此状态6 h所需要耗费的成本仅为30元左右.该增温器具有操作方便、费用较低、增温快速、使用环保的特点,为设施农业生产提供了一个高效的冻害防御工具.
위료제고대붕농업생산중적동해방어능력,해문연제료용우남방소료대붕동해방어적온실대붕지능증온기,병실제시험료해증온기적사용효과화사용성본.해증온기이주정작위연료,이치우온실대붕내관건위치적온도전감기작위계동화관폐적신호원,능구근거붕내실제온도변화진행정학가온.재시험붕(증온기가열,장도화과도위8 m×40 m적쌍층소료대붕)화대조붕(불가열,장도화과도위8 m×40 m적쌍층소료대붕)진행료련속12 d적대비시험.시험표명,재야간시험붕적온도비대조붕고2~3℃,유지차상태6 h소수요모비적성본부위30원좌우.해증온기구유조작방편、비용교저、증온쾌속、사용배보적특점,위설시농업생산제공료일개고효적동해방어공구.
@@@@Plastic-covered greenhouses have become have become popular as a main method in protected horticulture in China, and their area has increased a lot. The plants were mostly thermophilic crops in greenhouses. These crops are vulnerable to freezing injury. For this reason, it is very important to study how to prevent freezing injury of these crops in greenhouses in winter. In order to develop a new tool for preventing freezing injury in plastic film greenhouses in southern China, a intelligent warming device for plastic-film greenhouses was designed and evaluated. Its structure mainly includes a control circuit board, temperature sensor, fuel tank, ignition system, wick, and other components. After this system was connected to a workstation, its temperature sensor can collect temperature in real time, and send it to micro-controller unit in the control circuit board. After these temperature data were analyzed by a program in the micro controller, a rotating signal was sent to the micro motor that drives the device cover. The cover of the warming device will automatically open until the temperature in plastic film greenhouse decreased to the set starting temperature in the micro control unit, which can be set beforehand. Generally, the set starting temperature was slightly higher than the critical temperature for freezing injury. After the cover opens, the ignition system kindles the asbestos wicks, which absorb fuel from the tank. Thus, the device releases its heat until the temperature increases to the extinction temperature set beforehand. In order to ensure device reliability, the ignition system keeps working until the wick s ignited or the ignition system starts 3 times. The device was made of iron, and it was designed to seal. It is safe for the device to work on any alcohol level in tank. A 7.4V lithium battery was used to power the device. With this power, the device is portable, it can work at any field site without line electricity. In southern China, the battery can supply for a year once fully charged. This device uses alcohol as fuel; its combustion products are only water and CO2. These two substances are not contaminants. Its starting or closing is controlled by the signals from the temperature sensors placed at key positions in the plastic film greenhouse. Based on that design, it can control the heat supply precisely following the variation of greenhouse temperature. Through experiment in which two plastic film greenhouses were heated by different ways in 12 consecutive days,the actual operating expense of the intelligent warming device for plastic film greenhouses was determined. The cost was about 30 Yuan to raise 2-3 in a 8℃ m×40 m greenhouse with 2 plastic films in about 6 hours. This experiment showed that the intelligent warming device has convenient operation, lower cost, rapid warming characteristics, and will satisfy environmental protection objectives. Thus, the warming device offers a powerful tool for defense against freezing injury in plastic film greenhouses in winter.