CAJ | 학술논문

本研究旨在探讨氮肥和灌溉方式对水稻产量和品质的影响及其互作效应,这对指导水稻高产、优质和高效栽培有重要意义.将两优培九(籼稻)和扬粳4038(粳稻)种植于土培池,设置常规灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉3种灌溉方式及0氮(0 kg hm–2)、中氮(240 kg hm–2)和高氮(360 kg hm–2)3种氮素水平,观察其对产量和稻米品质的影响.结果表明,在中氮和高氮水平下,产量、稻米的整精米率、外观品质和崩解值,以轻干湿交替灌溉显著高于或优于常规灌溉.在中氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉的产量和稻米品质显著低于或劣于常规灌溉;在高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉的产量高于常规灌溉,稻米品质在这两种灌溉方式间差异不显著.轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了灌浆期剑叶光合速率、籽粒中 ATP酶活性及根系中吲哚-3-乙酸、玉米素+玉米素核苷和脱落酸含量.说明灌溉方式和氮肥对产量和稻米品质具明显互作效应.在轻干湿交替灌溉和中氮水平下根系、叶片和籽粒生理活性增强是水稻产量提高和稻米品质改善的重要生理原因.
본연구지재탐토담비화관개방식대수도산량화품질적영향급기호작효응,저대지도수도고산、우질화고효재배유중요의의.장량우배구(선도)화양갱4038(갱도)충식우토배지,설치상규관개、경간습교체관개화중간습교체관개3충관개방식급0담(0 kg hm–2)、중담(240 kg hm–2)화고담(360 kg hm–2)3충담소수평,관찰기대산량화도미품질적영향.결과표명,재중담화고담수평하,산량、도미적정정미솔、외관품질화붕해치,이경간습교체관개현저고우혹우우상규관개.재중담수평하,중간습교체관개적산량화도미품질현저저우혹렬우상규관개;재고담수평하,중간습교체관개적산량고우상규관개,도미품질재저량충관개방식간차이불현저.경간습교체관개현저제고료관장기검협광합속솔、자립중 ATP매활성급근계중신타-3-을산、옥미소+옥미소핵감화탈락산함량.설명관개방식화담비대산량화도미품질구명현호작효응.재경간습교체관개화중담수평하근계、협편화자립생리활성증강시수도산량제고화도미품질개선적중요생리원인.
This study investigated how nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes and their interactions affect grain yield and quality of rice, which would have great significance in conducting the cultivation for high yielding, good quality and high efficiency. Two rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (indica) and Yangjing 4038 (japonica), were grown in the tanks filled with soil. Three irrigation regimes, conventional irrigation (CI), alternate irrigation with wetting and moderate drying (WMD) and alternate irrigation with wetting and severe drying (WSD), and three nitrogen (N) rates, 0N (0 kg ha–1), medium amount of N (MN, 240 kg ha–1), and high amount of N (HN, 360 kg ha–1), were used during the whole growing season. The results showed that, at either MN or HN rate, grain yield, head rice, apparant quality, and breakdown were significantly higher or better under the WMD regime than under the CI regime. At the MN rate, the WSD regime significantly decreased grain yield and quality as compared with the CI regime. At the HN rate, however, the grain yield was higher under the WSD regime than under the CI regime and grain quality showed no significant difference between the two irrigation regimes. The WMD regime significantly increased photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf, activity of adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) in grains and contents of indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin+zeatin riboside, and abscisic acid in roots during grain filling. All the data indicate that interactions between nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes mediate the grain yield and quality of rice. Stronger root activity, greater leaf photosynthetic rate and larger sink strength contrib-ute to higher grain yield and better grain quality of rice under the MN rate and WMD regime.