CAJ | 학술논문

株型改良是油菜高产、优质育种的主攻方向之一.矮杆及半矮杆株型有利于提高植株抗倒伏能力和经济系数、减少收获难度.10D130是一个半矮杆新品系,用10D130和常规优良品种中双11杂交,构建6世代遗传群体(P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2),以主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对该组合株高及其关联性状进行遗传分析.结果表明,10D130×中双11组合株高、分枝部位、主花序长度的遗传均受到1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制(D-0模型).其中,株高性状加性效应值为–8.58,显性效应值为7.44,主基因遗传率在B1、B2和F2中分别为23.52%、0.91%和17.81%;一次有效分枝起始部位的1对主基因加性效应值为–22.11,显性效应值为3.13,主基因遗传率在 B1、B2和 F2中分别为49.95%、40.85%和61.15%;主花序长的主基因加性效应值为–2.21,显性效应值为–3.53,主基因遗传率在 B1、B2和 F2中分别为0.68%、47.94%和40.07%.一次有效分枝间距的最适宜遗传模型为 E-1模型(2对加-显-上位性主基因+加-显-上位性多基因混合遗传模型),其中第1对主基因加性效应值为–0.55、显性效应值为–1.66,第2对主基因加性效应值为0.74、显性效应值为–1.29,均表现超显性遗传,主基因遗传率在B1、B2和F2分离世代群体中分别为10.99%、38.65%和44.10%.一次有效分枝部位高度、主花序长、有效分枝节间距和有效分枝数与株高均呈显著正相关.
주형개량시유채고산、우질육충적주공방향지일.왜간급반왜간주형유리우제고식주항도복능력화경제계수、감소수획난도.10D130시일개반왜간신품계,용10D130화상규우량품충중쌍11잡교,구건6세대유전군체(P1、F1、P2、B1、B2화F2),이주기인+다기인혼합유전모형대해조합주고급기관련성상진행유전분석.결과표명,10D130×중쌍11조합주고、분지부위、주화서장도적유전균수도1대가성-현성주기인+가성-현성-상위성다기인공제(D-0모형).기중,주고성상가성효응치위–8.58,현성효응치위7.44,주기인유전솔재B1、B2화F2중분별위23.52%、0.91%화17.81%;일차유효분지기시부위적1대주기인가성효응치위–22.11,현성효응치위3.13,주기인유전솔재 B1、B2화 F2중분별위49.95%、40.85%화61.15%;주화서장적주기인가성효응치위–2.21,현성효응치위–3.53,주기인유전솔재 B1、B2화 F2중분별위0.68%、47.94%화40.07%.일차유효분지간거적최괄의유전모형위 E-1모형(2대가-현-상위성주기인+가-현-상위성다기인혼합유전모형),기중제1대주기인가성효응치위–0.55、현성효응치위–1.66,제2대주기인가성효응치위0.74、현성효응치위–1.29,균표현초현성유전,주기인유전솔재B1、B2화F2분리세대군체중분별위10.99%、38.65%화44.10%.일차유효분지부위고도、주화서장、유효분지절간거화유효분지수여주고균정현저정상관.
Improvement of plant types is one of main methods to increase yield and qualities of rapeseed. Dwarf and semi-dwarf plant types help for enhancements of lodging resistance and harvest index. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, and B2) were pro-duced from a cross between semi-dwarf 10D130 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11) to analyze inheritances of plant height, branch height, length of main inflorescence, valid branch space and numbers of valid branch in rapeseed (Brassica napus) by the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The results showed that the plant height, branch height, length of main inflorescence and valid branch space of 10D130×ZS11 were dominated by a pair of major gene with additive-dominant effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects (D-0 model). The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of plant height were–8.58 and 7.44, and the heritability of the major gene in B1, B2, and F2 was 23.52%, 0.91%, and 17.81%, respectively. The addi-tive effect and dominant effect of major gene of branch height were–22.11 and 3.13, and the heritability of the major gene in B1, B2 and F2 was 49.95%, 40.85%, and 61.15%, respectively. The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of length of main inflorescence were–2.21 and–3.53, and the heritability of the major gene of length of main inflorescence in B1, B2, and F2 was 0.68%, 47.94%, and 40.07%. The first valid branch space of 10D130×ZS11 was dominated by two pairs of major gene with addi-tive-dominant-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis (E-1 model). The additive effects of major genes