CAJ | 학술논문

为阐明水稻产量和营养品质在不同栽培方式和秸秆还田条件下的表现特性,以两优培九(籼稻)为材料,常规水作(CFC)为对照,通过长期定位试验(2001—2010年)研究了覆膜旱作(PFMC)、裸地旱作(NMC)和秸秆还田对水稻产量、精米中蛋白质和氨基酸、糙米中铁和锌含量的影响.2008—2010三年试验结果(平均值)表明,与 CFC 相比, PFMC 能显著增加水稻产量,增产幅度达8.0%,精米中总氨基酸含量下降3.5%,精米中蛋白质,糙米中铁锌含量与CFC处理差异不显著;NMC处理产量显著下降5.1%,蛋白质、总氨基酸和铁含量分别下降4.4%、9.3%和11.9%.秸秆还田较不还田处理, CFC条件下,产量增加了113.6 kg hm?2;NMC条件下,产量增加142.6 kg hm?2;PFMC条件下,产量增加522.1 kg hm?2;3种栽培方式产量平均增加3.3%,糙米中的铁和锌含量平均增加3.1%和6.4%,精米中蛋白质和总氨基酸含量差异不显著.本试验结果表明, PFMC能显著提高水稻产量,秸秆还田能显著提高水稻产量和稻米中铁、锌含量.
위천명수도산량화영양품질재불동재배방식화갈간환전조건하적표현특성,이량우배구(선도)위재료,상규수작(CFC)위대조,통과장기정위시험(2001—2010년)연구료복막한작(PFMC)、라지한작(NMC)화갈간환전대수도산량、정미중단백질화안기산、조미중철화자함량적영향.2008—2010삼년시험결과(평균치)표명,여 CFC 상비, PFMC 능현저증가수도산량,증산폭도체8.0%,정미중총안기산함량하강3.5%,정미중단백질,조미중철자함량여CFC처리차이불현저;NMC처리산량현저하강5.1%,단백질、총안기산화철함량분별하강4.4%、9.3%화11.9%.갈간환전교불환전처리, CFC조건하,산량증가료113.6 kg hm?2;NMC조건하,산량증가142.6 kg hm?2;PFMC조건하,산량증가522.1 kg hm?2;3충재배방식산량평균증가3.3%,조미중적철화자함량평균증가3.1%화6.4%,정미중단백질화총안기산함량차이불현저.본시험결과표명, PFMC능현저제고수도산량,갈간환전능현저제고수도산량화도미중철、자함량.
Plastic film mulching cultivation (PFMC) under non-flooded condition has been considered as a new water-saving technique in rice production, while yield decline from continuous cropping of aerobic rice is a constraint to the widespread adop-tion of PFMC. Rice straw incorporation has been proposed to counter this negative effect in recent decades. This study examined the effects of three cultivation methods and rice straw incorporation on rice grain yield and quality using “Liangyoupeijiu” (an indica hybrid). The three cultivation treatments were:conventional flooding cultivation (CFC);non-flooded plastic film mulching cultivation (PFMC);no mulching cultivation in non-flooded condition (NMC). Compared with that under CFC, average rice grain yield under PFMC from 2008 to 2010 was significantly improved by 8.0%, while total amino acids content was decreased by 3.5%, no obvious effect was observed on rice protein, Fe and Zn concentrations in rice;under NMC, the reduction in yield, pro-tein, total amino acids and Fe concentrations were 5.1%, 4.4%, 9.3%, and 11.8%, respectively. With rice straw incorporation, grain yield was improved by 113.6, 142.6, and 522.1 kg ha?1 under CFC, NMC, and PFMC, respectively. Average rice grain yield, Fe and Zn contents in brown rice were significantly improved by 3.3%, 3.1%, and 6.4%with rice straw incorporation. The results of the three years showed the same trend in rice grain yield and nutrition quality. The results indicated that PFMC could improve not only grain yield, but also part of rice nutrition quality. Rice straw incorporation could significantly improved rice grain yield as well as Fe and Zn concentrations in brown rice, which would be a good method to overcome grain yield decline under long term PFMC.