生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
2期
311-318
,共8页
黄享辉%胡韧%雷腊梅%彭亮*
黃享輝%鬍韌%雷臘梅%彭亮*
황향휘%호인%뢰석매%팽량*
功能类群%季节演替%浮游植物%中小型水库%南亚热带
功能類群%季節縯替%浮遊植物%中小型水庫%南亞熱帶
공능류군%계절연체%부유식물%중소형수고%남아열대
functional groups%phytoplankton community%seasonal succession%small and medium-sized reservoirs%southern China
中小型水库是珠三角地区重要的水源地和后备水源地,为了解这类水库中浮游植物群落结构与季节性变化特征,以及浮游植物功能类群对水库营养水平和生态特征的指示作用,于丰水期(7月)、枯水前期(12月)和枯水后期(次年3月)对东莞市4座中小水库进行采样分析,采用Padisák等的功能类群划分方法对各水库中浮游植物群落进行分类.结果显示,从丰水期到枯水前、后期,中营养的石鼓水库优势功能类群主要为对营养盐需求相对较低的具星小环藻Cyclotella stelligera、薄甲藻Glenodinium pulvisculus、锥囊藻Dinobryon sp.和微小多甲藻Peridinium pusillum(分属B、Y、E和LO功能群);富营养的横岗和水濂山水库中以泽丝藻、Limnothrix sp.、假鱼腥藻Pseudanabaena sp.等丝状蓝藻为代表的S1功能群常年占据优势;富营养且有机污染较严重的东丫湖水库,优势功能类群以新月藻Closterium sp.、尖尾裸藻Euglena axyuris和栅藻属Scenedesmus等耐污种类为主(分属P、W和J功能群).水库的营养水平决定了浮游植物功能类群的组成,南亚热带地区典型的气候特征及用水调度共同作用下引起水库水体稳定性的改变,是促使游植物功能类群季节演替的重要原因.
中小型水庫是珠三角地區重要的水源地和後備水源地,為瞭解這類水庫中浮遊植物群落結構與季節性變化特徵,以及浮遊植物功能類群對水庫營養水平和生態特徵的指示作用,于豐水期(7月)、枯水前期(12月)和枯水後期(次年3月)對東莞市4座中小水庫進行採樣分析,採用Padisák等的功能類群劃分方法對各水庫中浮遊植物群落進行分類.結果顯示,從豐水期到枯水前、後期,中營養的石鼓水庫優勢功能類群主要為對營養鹽需求相對較低的具星小環藻Cyclotella stelligera、薄甲藻Glenodinium pulvisculus、錐囊藻Dinobryon sp.和微小多甲藻Peridinium pusillum(分屬B、Y、E和LO功能群);富營養的橫崗和水濂山水庫中以澤絲藻、Limnothrix sp.、假魚腥藻Pseudanabaena sp.等絲狀藍藻為代錶的S1功能群常年佔據優勢;富營養且有機汙染較嚴重的東丫湖水庫,優勢功能類群以新月藻Closterium sp.、尖尾裸藻Euglena axyuris和柵藻屬Scenedesmus等耐汙種類為主(分屬P、W和J功能群).水庫的營養水平決定瞭浮遊植物功能類群的組成,南亞熱帶地區典型的氣候特徵及用水調度共同作用下引起水庫水體穩定性的改變,是促使遊植物功能類群季節縯替的重要原因.
중소형수고시주삼각지구중요적수원지화후비수원지,위료해저류수고중부유식물군락결구여계절성변화특정,이급부유식물공능류군대수고영양수평화생태특정적지시작용,우봉수기(7월)、고수전기(12월)화고수후기(차년3월)대동완시4좌중소수고진행채양분석,채용Padisák등적공능류군화분방법대각수고중부유식물군락진행분류.결과현시,종봉수기도고수전、후기,중영양적석고수고우세공능류군주요위대영양염수구상대교저적구성소배조Cyclotella stelligera、박갑조Glenodinium pulvisculus、추낭조Dinobryon sp.화미소다갑조Peridinium pusillum(분속B、Y、E화LO공능군);부영양적횡강화수렴산수고중이택사조、Limnothrix sp.、가어성조Pseudanabaena sp.등사상람조위대표적S1공능군상년점거우세;부영양차유궤오염교엄중적동아호수고,우세공능류군이신월조Closterium sp.、첨미라조Euglena axyuris화책조속Scenedesmus등내오충류위주(분속P、W화J공능군).수고적영양수평결정료부유식물공능류군적조성,남아열대지구전형적기후특정급용수조도공동작용하인기수고수체은정성적개변,시촉사유식물공능류군계절연체적중요원인.
Small and medium-sized reservoirs are important water sources in the Pearl River Delta of southern China. With the rapid development of economy and increased demand for water supply, eutrophication results in shortage of water supply. In order to understand phytoplankton community structure and seasonal variation, as well as using Phytoplankton Functional Groups to reflect trophic state and ecological characteristics of these reservoirs, four reservoirs were studied in the wet season (July, 2011), early dry season (December, 2011) and late dry season (March, 2012), and the phytoplankton communities were classified to functional groups. The results showed that dominant species in meso-eutrophic Shigu Reservoir were Cyclotella stelligera, Glenodinium pulvisculus, Dinobryon sp. and Peridinium pusillum, which are tolerant to low nutrient (belong to B , Y, E and Lo functional groups respectively);in the two eutrophic reservoirs, Shuilianshan and Henggang, dominant species were Limnothrix sp. and Pseudanabaena sp., which belong to S1 functional group; Dongyahu, which is the most eutrophic reservoir with heavy organic pollution, was dominated by Closterium sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Euglena axyuris, belonging to P, W1 and J functional groups respectively, which are adapted to the sewage. Generally, the composition of phytoplankton functional groups is determined by the trophic state of the reservoirs. Seasonal characteristics in Southern China and human control of the reservoirs make the changes of water stability, which drive the seasonal succession of phytoplankton functional groups.
