CAJ | 학술논문

土地利用/覆被变化的环境效应是全球变化研究的热点问题之一.快速城市化进程中,城市土地利用方式和结构的变化会对城市环境造成一定程度的影响.城市土地利用通过改变物质能量的流动而使城市地表水环境发生改变.为了进一步揭示城市土地利用与地表水污染之间的关系,以郑州市为研究区,采用影像解译数据和水质监测数据,利用ArcGIS空间分析法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和典型相关分析法,揭示了郑州市快速城市化过程中土地利用方式和结构的变化特征、城市地表水的污染状况,重点分析了不同土地利用类型的面积变化对地表水主要污染物浓度的影响.研究结果表明,1998—2008年郑州市城市扩张迅速,城市建设用地和工矿仓储用地分别增加124%和158%,城郊耕地被大量占用,城市土地利用结构发生显著变化;10多年间地表水污染一直非常严重,河流和湖库中各类污染物浓度严重超标,代表性污染物为石油类、氨氮、挥发酚等;工矿仓储用地与挥发酚和石油类污染物、城市建设用地与氟化物、交通用地与石油类污染物均具有显著的正相关关系;而园林绿地与重金属类污染物、水域与生化需氧量都存在显著的负相关关系;郑州市城市建设用地、工矿用地和交通用地面积的迅速增加是造成地表水污染严重的原因之一;增加园林绿地等生态用地的面积,以及优化调整土地利用结构和布局都有利于城市地表水环境的保护.
토지이용/복피변화적배경효응시전구변화연구적열점문제지일.쾌속성시화진정중,성시토지이용방식화결구적변화회대성시배경조성일정정도적영향.성시토지이용통과개변물질능량적류동이사성시지표수배경발생개변.위료진일보게시성시토지이용여지표수오염지간적관계,이정주시위연구구,채용영상해역수거화수질감측수거,이용ArcGIS공간분석법、내매라종합오염지수법화전형상관분석법,게시료정주시쾌속성시화과정중토지이용방식화결구적변화특정、성시지표수적오염상황,중점분석료불동토지이용류형적면적변화대지표수주요오염물농도적영향.연구결과표명,1998—2008년정주시성시확장신속,성시건설용지화공광창저용지분별증가124%화158%,성교경지피대량점용,성시토지이용결구발생현저변화;10다년간지표수오염일직비상엄중,하류화호고중각류오염물농도엄중초표,대표성오염물위석유류、안담、휘발분등;공광창저용지여휘발분화석유류오염물、성시건설용지여불화물、교통용지여석유류오염물균구유현저적정상관관계;이완림록지여중금속류오염물、수역여생화수양량도존재현저적부상관관계;정주시성시건설용지、공광용지화교통용지면적적신속증가시조성지표수오염엄중적원인지일;증가완림록지등생태용지적면적,이급우화조정토지이용결구화포국도유리우성시지표수배경적보호.
Environmental effects of land use and cover change is one of the hot issues of global change research. Changes of urban land use patterns and structures would cause a certain impacts on urban environment in rapid urbanization process. Land use can influence water environment by changing the flow of material and energy. In this study, we chose Zhengzhou city as the study area to further reveal the relationship between urban land use and surface water pollution. Based on image interpretation data and surface water quality data, Spatial Analysis Module in ArcGIS Software, Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index (NCPI) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), this study analyzed the changing characteristics of land use patterns and structure of Zhengzhou city in its rapid urbanization process, the situation of city's surface water pollution, and emphasized the impacts of area changes of different land use types on the concentrations of major pollutants in surface water. The results indicated that the urban areas of Zhengzhou city had expanded quickly in the period of 1998—2008. The area of built-up and industrial storage land increased by 124%and 158%, respectively, which lead to the vast occupation of farmland and significant change of land use structure. The surface water has been seriously polluted in the past decade. The concentration of various pollutants, including petroleum, ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol, etc., in rivers and reservoirs were seriously overweighed. There were significant positive correlations between industrial storage land and volatile phenol and petroleum pollutants;built-up land and fluoride;transportation land and petroleum. However, significant negative correlations were found between garden land and heavy metal pollutants; waters and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The rapid expanding of urban built-up land, industrial storage land, and transportation land was one of the reasons resulting in serious surface water pollution. It would be beneficial to the city's surface water protection that the area of ecological land, such as green garden, had increased and the structure and pattern of urban land use had been optimized and adjusted.