中国水产科学
中國水產科學
중국수산과학
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
2013年
2期
316-326
,共11页
伍华雯%陆开宏%钱伟%郑忠明%陈辉煌%万莉
伍華雯%陸開宏%錢偉%鄭忠明%陳輝煌%萬莉
오화문%륙개굉%전위%정충명%진휘황%만리
固定化微生物%粉绿狐尾藻%养殖废水%氮循环细菌%去除率%污水净化
固定化微生物%粉綠狐尾藻%養殖廢水%氮循環細菌%去除率%汙水淨化
고정화미생물%분록호미조%양식폐수%담순배세균%거제솔%오수정화
immobilized microorganism%Myriophyllum aquaticum%aquaculture wastewater%N-cycle bacteria%removal rate%sewage purification
在实验室条件下,以固定化菌种枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、弯曲芽孢杆菌(B. flexus)和大型水生植物粉绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)为实验材料,研究微生物与水生植物两者单独或联合作用等不同处理模式对水体不同形态氮素的去除效果及氨化细菌(AB)、亚硝化细菌(NOB)、硝化细菌(NB)和反硝化细菌(DB)4类氮循环细菌的动态分布情况,实验阶段为25 d.结果表明,与固定化微生物(I)、粉绿狐尾藻(M)分别单独作用相比,两者联合作用(I+M)对水体氮素和 CODMn 的去除效果显著.比较实验前15天, I+M 对养殖废水亚硝态氮( NO?-N)和2铵态氮( NH+-N)的去除率分别达50.83%和62.38%,显著高于 I(39.55%和51.17%)与 M(40.78%和53.31%)(P<40.05).实验结束时, I+M 水体 CODMn 的去除率达67.23%,显著高于 I(48.23%)与 M(33.35%)分别单独作用(P<0.05);I+M 对养殖废水硝态氮( NO?-N)的去除率高达88.74%,显著高于 I(67.85%)(P<0.05),但与 M 无显著差异.另外,3 I+M 植物根系表面4类氮循环细菌的数量相比 M 组均有不同程度的增加,而载体表面的4类氮循环细菌数量实验后期整体呈现下降趋势,其中 I+M 载体表面 AB 数量始终比 I 低1.8~2.6个数量级.主响应曲线分析(PRC)表明,水体浊度、NO?-N、TN 等对造成组间差异的贡献较大,实验前中期 I+M 组对养殖废水的净化效果强于两者分别单3独作用,但实验末期 I 组与 UC 组间的总体差异大幅度减小,且 I+M 与 M 的差异很小.结论认为,利用固定化微生物与粉绿狐尾藻联合处理循环养殖废水能有效提高对养殖水体NO?-N、2 NH+-N、CODMn 等的去除效果,从而减4轻氨氮和亚硝态氮等物质对养殖生物的毒害,使得养殖生物能维持正常的物质代谢,但在实际工厂化养殖生产中应综合考虑养殖废水的水质状况、固定化菌种组分及其生理生化特性、植物种类及搭配等因素,使反应器的设计更加科学以确保系统稳定、高效、持久地运行.本研究旨在为构建高效、稳定的养殖废水生态净化模式提供科学依据.
在實驗室條件下,以固定化菌種枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus megaterium)、彎麯芽孢桿菌(B. flexus)和大型水生植物粉綠狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)為實驗材料,研究微生物與水生植物兩者單獨或聯閤作用等不同處理模式對水體不同形態氮素的去除效果及氨化細菌(AB)、亞硝化細菌(NOB)、硝化細菌(NB)和反硝化細菌(DB)4類氮循環細菌的動態分佈情況,實驗階段為25 d.結果錶明,與固定化微生物(I)、粉綠狐尾藻(M)分彆單獨作用相比,兩者聯閤作用(I+M)對水體氮素和 CODMn 的去除效果顯著.比較實驗前15天, I+M 對養殖廢水亞硝態氮( NO?-N)和2銨態氮( NH+-N)的去除率分彆達50.83%和62.38%,顯著高于 I(39.55%和51.17%)與 M(40.78%和53.31%)(P<40.05).實驗結束時, I+M 水體 CODMn 的去除率達67.23%,顯著高于 I(48.23%)與 M(33.35%)分彆單獨作用(P<0.05);I+M 對養殖廢水硝態氮( NO?-N)的去除率高達88.74%,顯著高于 I(67.85%)(P<0.05),但與 M 無顯著差異.另外,3 I+M 植物根繫錶麵4類氮循環細菌的數量相比 M 組均有不同程度的增加,而載體錶麵的4類氮循環細菌數量實驗後期整體呈現下降趨勢,其中 I+M 載體錶麵 AB 數量始終比 I 低1.8~2.6箇數量級.主響應麯線分析(PRC)錶明,水體濁度、NO?-N、TN 等對造成組間差異的貢獻較大,實驗前中期 I+M 組對養殖廢水的淨化效果彊于兩者分彆單3獨作用,但實驗末期 I 組與 UC 組間的總體差異大幅度減小,且 I+M 與 M 的差異很小.結論認為,利用固定化微生物與粉綠狐尾藻聯閤處理循環養殖廢水能有效提高對養殖水體NO?-N、2 NH+-N、CODMn 等的去除效果,從而減4輕氨氮和亞硝態氮等物質對養殖生物的毒害,使得養殖生物能維持正常的物質代謝,但在實際工廠化養殖生產中應綜閤攷慮養殖廢水的水質狀況、固定化菌種組分及其生理生化特性、植物種類及搭配等因素,使反應器的設計更加科學以確保繫統穩定、高效、持久地運行.本研究旨在為構建高效、穩定的養殖廢水生態淨化模式提供科學依據.
재실험실조건하,이고정화균충고초아포간균(Bacillus megaterium)、만곡아포간균(B. flexus)화대형수생식물분록호미조(Myriophyllum aquaticum)위실험재료,연구미생물여수생식물량자단독혹연합작용등불동처리모식대수체불동형태담소적거제효과급안화세균(AB)、아초화세균(NOB)、초화세균(NB)화반초화세균(DB)4류담순배세균적동태분포정황,실험계단위25 d.결과표명,여고정화미생물(I)、분록호미조(M)분별단독작용상비,량자연합작용(I+M)대수체담소화 CODMn 적거제효과현저.비교실험전15천, I+M 대양식폐수아초태담( NO?-N)화2안태담( NH+-N)적거제솔분별체50.83%화62.38%,현저고우 I(39.55%화51.17%)여 M(40.78%화53.31%)(P<40.05).실험결속시, I+M 수체 CODMn 적거제솔체67.23%,현저고우 I(48.23%)여 M(33.35%)분별단독작용(P<0.05);I+M 대양식폐수초태담( NO?-N)적거제솔고체88.74%,현저고우 I(67.85%)(P<0.05),단여 M 무현저차이.령외,3 I+M 식물근계표면4류담순배세균적수량상비 M 조균유불동정도적증가,이재체표면적4류담순배세균수량실험후기정체정현하강추세,기중 I+M 재체표면 AB 수량시종비 I 저1.8~2.6개수량급.주향응곡선분석(PRC)표명,수체탁도、NO?-N、TN 등대조성조간차이적공헌교대,실험전중기 I+M 조대양식폐수적정화효과강우량자분별단3독작용,단실험말기 I 조여 UC 조간적총체차이대폭도감소,차 I+M 여 M 적차이흔소.결론인위,이용고정화미생물여분록호미조연합처리순배양식폐수능유효제고대양식수체NO?-N、2 NH+-N、CODMn 등적거제효과,종이감4경안담화아초태담등물질대양식생물적독해,사득양식생물능유지정상적물질대사,단재실제공엄화양식생산중응종합고필양식폐수적수질상황、고정화균충조분급기생리생화특성、식물충류급탑배등인소,사반응기적설계경가과학이학보계통은정、고효、지구지운행.본연구지재위구건고효、은정적양식폐수생태정화모식제공과학의거.
@@@@This experiment was conducted by employing immobilized microorganisms (I) on ceramics and Myrio-phyllum aquaticum (M) and unloaded ceramsite (UC) to purify aquaculture wastewater in the lab. Different nitro-gen forms removed from aquaculture wastewater and the dynamic distribution of four groups of bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling, ammonifiers (AB), nitrosobacteria (NOB), nitrifiers (NB) and denitrifiers (DB), were evalu-ated. Our results revealed that the removal efficiency of nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) per-formed by the combined treatment (I+M) was significantly higher than when used separately (P<0.05). By the end of day 15, the nitrite and ammonium removal rate by the I+M treatment reached 50.83% and 62.38 %, respectively, significantly higher than I (39.55% and 51.17%) or M (40.78% and 53.31%) separately (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, CODMn removal by the I+M treatment was significantly higher (67.23%) than that of treatment I (48.23%) or M (33.35%) (P<0.05); the nitrate removal rate (88.74%) was also significantly higher than I (67.85%), but there was a significant difference between I+M and M (P<0.05). In addition, four groups of bacteria on the roots surface increased in certain extent compared with treatment M, and during the last period four groups of bacteria on the ceramic surfaces showed an overall downward trend, e.g. AB in treatment I+M were 1.8~2.6 mag-nitudes lower than in treatment I. Principal response curve analysis (PRC) showed that turbidity, NO? -N, TN con-3 tribute great to total difference, during the early and middle stages of this experiment the combined treatment was more efficient at removing nitrogen than treatment I or M, but the overall differences between I and UC decreased greatly in the later stage with differences between I+M and I becoming small. This purifying method has some drawbacks and therefore requires further optimization to ensure its effects are long lasting.
