CAJ | 학술논문

为了给稻田杂草防除和合理施肥提供科学依据,选择了湖南省桃源农业生态试验站内连续不同施肥处理20年后的双季水稻试验田为调查对象,运用萌发法和田间调查法,研究了不同施肥制度对冬闲期稻田土壤杂草种子库和地上杂草群落的影响.试验设4个处理:不施肥(CK);养分循环,即种植绿肥+秸秆还田(OM);施氮磷钾化肥(NPK);施氮磷钾化肥+养分循环(NPK+OM).试验区土壤种子库共记录到杂草16种,其中圆叶节节菜占29.9%,稻搓菜占29.0%,水苋菜占10.0%,陌上菜占9.4%,水马齿占8.9%,看麦娘占4.9%.试验区地上杂草共计10种,其中看麦娘占94.4%,稻搓菜占3.8%,圆叶节节菜占1.0%.土壤种子库和地上杂草的群落相似性指数在0.6以上,并随着施肥程度(CK<OM<NPK<NPK+OM)的提高倾向于下降.群落特征分析表明,随着施肥程度的提高,土壤种子库密度和 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数倾向于下降, Simpson优势度指数倾向于升高;随着施肥程度的提高,地上杂草群落Simpson优势度指数显著提高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著下降,物种丰富度和 Pielou 均匀度指数倾向于下降,杂草密度倾向于上升.平衡施加化肥和实行养分循环均能抑制杂草,两种施肥模式结合起来效果更佳,且能获得更高的产量.
위료급도전잡초방제화합리시비제공과학의거,선택료호남성도원농업생태시험참내련속불동시비처리20년후적쌍계수도시험전위조사대상,운용맹발법화전간조사법,연구료불동시비제도대동한기도전토양잡초충자고화지상잡초군락적영향.시험설4개처리:불시비(CK);양분순배,즉충식록비+갈간환전(OM);시담린갑화비(NPK);시담린갑화비+양분순배(NPK+OM).시험구토양충자고공기록도잡초16충,기중원협절절채점29.9%,도차채점29.0%,수현채점10.0%,맥상채점9.4%,수마치점8.9%,간맥낭점4.9%.시험구지상잡초공계10충,기중간맥낭점94.4%,도차채점3.8%,원협절절채점1.0%.토양충자고화지상잡초적군락상사성지수재0.6이상,병수착시비정도(CK<OM<NPK<NPK+OM)적제고경향우하강.군락특정분석표명,수착시비정도적제고,토양충자고밀도화 Shannon-Wiener 다양성지수경향우하강, Simpson우세도지수경향우승고;수착시비정도적제고,지상잡초군락Simpson우세도지수현저제고,Shannon-Wiener다양성지수현저하강,물충봉부도화 Pielou 균균도지수경향우하강,잡초밀도경향우상승.평형시가화비화실행양분순배균능억제잡초,량충시비모식결합기래효과경가,차능획득경고적산량.
In order to provide a scientific basis for weed management and reasonable fertilization in rice paddy fields, the present research investigated a double rice paddy field with different fertilization for 20 years in Taoyuan station of agro-ecology research in Hunan province. Seedling emergence method and field investigation method were employed to determine soil seed bank and weeds in fields, respectively. The experiment was designed with 4 treatments, which were no fertilization (CK), organic material (green manure plus straw) application (OM), chemical NPK fertilization (NPK) and combination of NPK and OM (NPK+OM). A total of 16 weed species were recorded in soil seed bank, in which Rotala rotundifolia, Lapsanastrum apogonoides Maxim, Ammannia baccifera, Lindernia procumbens, Callitriche stagnalis and Alopecurus aequalis took up 29.9%, 29.0%, 10%, 9.4%, 8.9% and 4.9%, respectively. A total of 10 weed species were recorded in field, in which Alopecurus aequalis, Lapsanastrum apogonoides and Rotala rotundifolia took up 94.4%, 3.8%and 1.0%, respectively. Community similarity indexes between weeds in soil seed bank and weeds in fields were higher than 0.6, and were tended to decrease with the enhancement of fertilization (CK<OM<NPK<NPK+OM). Analysis of community feature index indicated that, for soil seed bank, density and Shannon-Wiener diversity index tended to decrease, and Simpson dominance index tended to increase with the enhancement of fertilization. And for weeds in fields, Simpson dominance index significantly increased, Shannon-Wiener diversity index significantly decreased, Species richness index and Pielou evenness index tended to decrease, and density tended to increase with the enhancement of fertilization. Both of balanced fertilization of chemical NPK and application of OM suppressed weeds. Combination of NPK and OM made better effect on weed suppression and harvest.