CAJ | 학술논문

通过研究不同施氮水平对玉米产量、氮素利用率及土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)残留量的影响,为氮肥的合理利用提供依据.在黑龙江省农业科学院科技园区布置田间小区试验,结果显示:玉米产量随施氮量增加而增加,施氮量为165 kg·hm-2时,氮肥利用率最高,当施氮量高于165 kg·hm-2,产量反而有降低的趋势,过量施氮也并不能增加玉米对氮素的吸收,因而氮素利用率也随施氮量的增加而降低.玉米收获后土壤剖面无机态氮质量分数的变化因施氮量的不同而表现出差异,0~80 cm土层硝态氮积累量随氮肥输入量的增加而显著增加,以表层(0~40 cm)硝态氮质量分数最高,中间层(60~80 cm)质量分数最低,100 cm以下土层以施氮量为165 kg·hm-2的处理土壤硝态氮积累量最低,降低了硝态氮淋溶风险;铵态氮的质量分数相对较低,不同的施氮量对土壤铵态氮质量分数的影响主要在0~20 cm土层,铵态氮质量分数与施氮量并无显著的相关关系.综合考虑玉米产量、氮素利用率与生态环境效益,以165 kg·hm-2(优化施氮量)为最佳氮肥施用量.
통과연구불동시담수평대옥미산량、담소이용솔급토양초태담(NO3--N)화안태담(NH4+-N)잔류량적영향,위담비적합리이용제공의거.재흑룡강성농업과학원과기완구포치전간소구시험,결과현시:옥미산량수시담량증가이증가,시담량위165 kg·hm-2시,담비이용솔최고,당시담량고우165 kg·hm-2,산량반이유강저적추세,과량시담야병불능증가옥미대담소적흡수,인이담소이용솔야수시담량적증가이강저.옥미수획후토양부면무궤태담질량분수적변화인시담량적불동이표현출차이,0~80 cm토층초태담적루량수담비수입량적증가이현저증가,이표층(0~40 cm)초태담질량분수최고,중간층(60~80 cm)질량분수최저,100 cm이하토층이시담량위165 kg·hm-2적처리토양초태담적루량최저,강저료초태담림용풍험;안태담적질량분수상대교저,불동적시담량대토양안태담질량분수적영향주요재0~20 cm토층,안태담질량분수여시담량병무현저적상관관계.종합고필옥미산량、담소이용솔여생태배경효익,이165 kg·hm-2(우화시담량)위최가담비시용량.
Effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels on maize yield, nitrogen utilization and residual amount of soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were investigated. The results showed that maize yield increased with the increment of nitrogen application rate. When the nitrogen application rate was 165 kg·hm-2, maize showed the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency. A trend of decrease on maize yield was observed when the nitrogen application rate was higher than 165 kg·hm-2. Excessive amount of nitrogen fertilizer can’t further increase the maize nitrogen uptake, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer was decreased. Due to the different nitrogen fertilization levels after maize harvest, the distribution of mineral nitrogen content varies in different soil layers. The amount of NO3--N was increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer in 0~80 cm layers of soil profile. A hyper-accumulation of nitrate was found in the surface layer, the lowest level of NO3--N content was observed in the middle layers. Below a depth of 100 cm, the lowest soil NO3--N content and risk of nitrate leaching occurred when nitrogen application rate was 165 kg·hm-2. The NH4+-N content was relatively low in soil. Nitrogen application rate mainly influence on the soil NH4+-N in 0-20 cm layers. There is no significant correlation between the soil NH4+-N content and N application rate. Considering the maize yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and ecological environmental benefits, N application rate of 165 kg·hm-2 was identified to be the optimum amount. This work provides a basis for the rational use of nitrogen fertilizer.