CAJ | 학술논문

通过野外采样和盆栽试验,研究了三裂叶蟛蜞菊Wedelia trilobata入侵对土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾以及土壤酶活性的影响.野外采样的结果表明,三裂叶蟛蜞菊长期入侵后土壤pH值与蟛蜞菊Wedelia chinensis相比显著降低,两者生长的土壤环境中pH值分别约为6.30和6.71左右;三裂叶蟛蜞菊的生长提高了土壤中营养物质的含量,其中有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量与蟛蜞菊相比分别显著提高了71.74%、78.89%、188.57%和46.36%,说明三裂叶蟛蜞菊长期入侵改变了土壤的理化性质,增加了土壤中可利用的营养物质含量.短期盆栽试验的结果表明,经三裂叶蟛蜞菊和蟛蜞菊生长后的土壤环境中pH值与空土对照(CK)相比均显著降低,三者的pH值分别约为6.31、6.40和6.51左右;与CK相比,三裂叶蟛蜞菊生长后土壤中的全氮和硝态氮含量分别下降了9.94%和33.21%,速效钾含量上升了55.27%,而有机质、铵态氮、速效磷含量则无显著性差异;三裂叶蟛蜞菊和蟛蜞菊生长后的土壤中脲酶活性与CK相比均显著降低,而过氧化氢酶在三者之间没有显著性差异,蟛蜞菊的生长还提高了磷酸酶的活性.由此,我们认为入侵种三裂叶蟛蜞菊对土壤环境的影响分两个阶段,在入侵前期可能通过快速消耗土壤养分进行群落结构的构建,在群落建成的中后期则通过改变其入侵地土壤理化性质和酶活性,形成对自身生长发育和种群扩张有利的土壤微环境,达到成功入侵的目的.
통과야외채양화분재시험,연구료삼렬협팽기국Wedelia trilobata입침대토양pH치、유궤질、전담、속효린、속효갑이급토양매활성적영향.야외채양적결과표명,삼렬협팽기국장기입침후토양pH치여팽기국Wedelia chinensis상비현저강저,량자생장적토양배경중pH치분별약위6.30화6.71좌우;삼렬협팽기국적생장제고료토양중영양물질적함량,기중유궤질、전담、속효린화속효갑함량여팽기국상비분별현저제고료71.74%、78.89%、188.57%화46.36%,설명삼렬협팽기국장기입침개변료토양적이화성질,증가료토양중가이용적영양물질함량.단기분재시험적결과표명,경삼렬협팽기국화팽기국생장후적토양배경중pH치여공토대조(CK)상비균현저강저,삼자적pH치분별약위6.31、6.40화6.51좌우;여CK상비,삼렬협팽기국생장후토양중적전담화초태담함량분별하강료9.94%화33.21%,속효갑함량상승료55.27%,이유궤질、안태담、속효린함량칙무현저성차이;삼렬협팽기국화팽기국생장후적토양중뇨매활성여CK상비균현저강저,이과양화경매재삼자지간몰유현저성차이,팽기국적생장환제고료린산매적활성.유차,아문인위입침충삼렬협팽기국대토양배경적영향분량개계단,재입침전기가능통과쾌속소모토양양분진행군락결구적구건,재군락건성적중후기칙통과개변기입침지토양이화성질화매활성,형성대자신생장발육화충군확장유리적토양미배경,체도성공입침적목적.
The effects of Wedelia trilobata invasion on soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil enzyme activities were studied through field investigation and pot experiment. The results of field study indicated that, soil pH was around 6.30 after the long-time invasion of W. trilobata, and it was significantly lower than that of Wedelia chinensis (pH=6.71). Meanwhile, W. trilobata invasion increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium by 71.74%, 78.89%, 188.57%and 46.36%, respectively. These results suggested that the long-time invasion of W. trilobata changed soil physical-chemical properties and increased the available nutrition content. The results of short-time pot experiment indicated that, the growth of W. trilobata and W. chinensis significantly decreased soil pH by 6.31 and 6.40 repectively, relative to the control (CK) (pH=6.51). The growth of W. trilobata significantly decreased soil total nitrogen and nitric nitrogen by 9.94%and 33.21%, while significantly increased available potassium by 55.27%. But there were no significant effects of W. trilobata growth on soil organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus. Meanwhile, the growth of W. trilobata and W. chinensis significantly decreased urease activity, while there was no obvious effect on catalase. The growth of W. chinensis also increased the activities of phosphatase. The present results suggest that, the influence of the invasive W. trilobata on the soil environment could be divided into two phases. In the earlier stage, W. trilobata could absorb more nutrition from soil to establish its population and community structure. And in the late stage, W. trilobata may alter soil enzyme activities and physical-chemical properties and thus form a favorable soil environment for its growth and further expansion.