CAJ | 학술논문

森林生态系统的水源涵养功能是其生态功能的重要组成部分.琼江流域森林生态系统是长江上游生态屏障的重要组成部分,其森林生态系统的水源涵养功能将极大地影响当地的生产生活.文章以四川省遂宁地区琼江河流域2007年森林资源二类调查数据为基础,运用综合蓄水能力法,比较了研究区不同森林类型、林龄、海拔、坡度下的林冠降雨截留能力,枯落物最大持水量和土壤蓄水能力,评估了区域尺度森林生态系统的水源涵养能力.结果表明,2007年,研究区内森林生态系统涵养水源总量为1125.02×104 m3.其中,林冠层截留占总涵养水源量的18.07%,枯枝落叶层持水量占3.34%,土壤蓄水量达到78.59%,是森林涵养水源的主体.柏木因其面积上的优势,使得其水源涵养贡献率最大,达到92.44%;阔叶混交林单位面积涵养水源量最大,达到1568.39 t·hm-2,其次是针阔混交林(1517.10 t·hm-2),经济林(1461.99 t·hm-2),针叶混交林的水源涵养能力最弱,仅1045.39 t·hm-2,主要是因为研究区内针叶混交林土壤的非毛管孔隙度较小.因绝大多数有林地的海拔都处在300~500 m处,使得其水源涵养贡献率最大,达到98.65%.同时,平坡森林生态系统的水源涵养能力最强,达到1171.92 t·hm-2,其次是缓坡,可达1150.59 t·hm-2,能力最小的是陡坡森林生态系统,仅1147.34 t·hm-2.近50 a来,研究区内森林覆盖率变化较大,按照其“十二五”规划,研究区在2015年森林覆盖率将达到45%,根据其森林面积的变化估计其森林涵养水源量可达1511.2×104 m3.在对研究区水源涵养功能及其差异认识的基础上,进行合理经营与管理,可以最大限度地发挥森林生态系统服务功能.
삼림생태계통적수원함양공능시기생태공능적중요조성부분.경강류역삼림생태계통시장강상유생태병장적중요조성부분,기삼림생태계통적수원함양공능장겁대지영향당지적생산생활.문장이사천성수저지구경강하류역2007년삼림자원이류조사수거위기출,운용종합축수능역법,비교료연구구불동삼림류형、림령、해발、파도하적림관강우절류능력,고락물최대지수량화토양축수능력,평고료구역척도삼림생태계통적수원함양능력.결과표명,2007년,연구구내삼림생태계통함양수원총량위1125.02×104 m3.기중,림관층절류점총함양수원량적18.07%,고지락협층지수량점3.34%,토양축수량체도78.59%,시삼림함양수원적주체.백목인기면적상적우세,사득기수원함양공헌솔최대,체도92.44%;활협혼교림단위면적함양수원량최대,체도1568.39 t·hm-2,기차시침활혼교림(1517.10 t·hm-2),경제림(1461.99 t·hm-2),침협혼교림적수원함양능력최약,부1045.39 t·hm-2,주요시인위연구구내침협혼교림토양적비모관공극도교소.인절대다수유임지적해발도처재300~500 m처,사득기수원함양공헌솔최대,체도98.65%.동시,평파삼림생태계통적수원함양능력최강,체도1171.92 t·hm-2,기차시완파,가체1150.59 t·hm-2,능력최소적시두파삼림생태계통,부1147.34 t·hm-2.근50 a래,연구구내삼림복개솔변화교대,안조기“십이오”규화,연구구재2015년삼림복개솔장체도45%,근거기삼림면적적변화고계기삼림함양수원량가체1511.2×104 m3.재대연구구수원함양공능급기차이인식적기출상,진행합리경영여관리,가이최대한도지발휘삼림생태계통복무공능.
Water conservation is an important service function of forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystem of Qiongjiang River watershed is a significant ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and its water conservation function would greatly influence the local development. Based on the forest resource inventory data of 2007, the water conservation function of forests in regional scale was assessed using integrated storage capacity method. The canopy interception, litter containment and soil water storage of different forest types, age groups, elevations, and slopes in the Qiongjiang River watershed were also analyzed. The results showed that the water conserved by forest in study area was totally 11.250 million cubic meters in 2007, in which 18.07%was stored in the canopy, 78.59%in soil layer, and3.34%in the litter layer. The contribution of Cupressus on water conservation reached to 92.44%due to its largest area. From water conservation capacity per unit, broad-leaved mixed forest showed the greatest capacity reached to 1 568.39 t·hm-2, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (1 517.10 t·hm-2) and economic forest (1 461.99 t·hm-2). The conifer mixed forest showed just 1 045.39 t·hm-2 because its lower soil non-capillary porosity. The water conserved by forests distributed on the altitude of 300-500 m reached to 98.65%. Meanwhile, the water conservation function of the forest distributed on the flat slope and gentle slope reached to 1 171.92 t·hm-2 and 1 150.59 t·hm-2 respectively, and steep slope showed lower of 1 147.34 t·hm-2. According to the “latest five-year plan”, the forest coverage of study area will reach to 45% in 2015;therefore it is estimated to conserve 15.11 million cubic meters water. Sustainable management of forest ecosystem would play an essential role in enhancement of water conservation function.