生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
3期
506-511
,共6页
周颖%周家斌*%王磊%肖经汗%郭浩天
週穎%週傢斌*%王磊%肖經汗%郭浩天
주영%주가빈*%왕뢰%초경한%곽호천
多环芳烃%PM2.5%源解析%主成分分析%多元线性回归
多環芳烴%PM2.5%源解析%主成分分析%多元線性迴歸
다배방경%PM2.5%원해석%주성분분석%다원선성회귀
PAHs%PM2.5%source apportionment%principal component analysis(PCA)%multiple linear regression (MR)
采集了2011—2012年武汉市工业区、交通区和植物园的3个功能区的秋冬2季大气PM2.5样品,采用超声提取预处理和GC/MS分析检测了PM2.5中27种PAHs,探讨了其时空分布特征,然后运用主成分分析/多元线性回归法解析了PAHs的来源.结果表明:PAHs的质量浓度范围为24.705~112.490 ng·m-3,PAHs的质量浓度分布呈现出工业区>交通区>植物园的规律;冬季PAHs质量浓度高于秋季等特征.不同环数PAHs质量浓度呈现出规律变化为:5环>4环>2-3环>6-7环,4环、5环的 PAH 含量比例高表明机动车尾气和煤燃烧排放是主要排放源.不同功能区化合物的比值指示来源略有不同,但总体指明了武汉主要污染源来自燃煤和机动车尾气的排放.源解析结果显示,工业区的污染源主要来自于燃煤,其贡献率为55%,其次为汽油燃烧、柴油燃烧、焦炉和轻质油燃烧.在交通区中,车辆尾气排放(34%)和天然气燃烧(25%)的贡献较大,其次是烹饪、燃煤及木材燃烧.植物园对照区的主要污染源分别是木材燃烧、燃煤、天然气燃烧、车辆排放和烹饪,其中木材燃烧(46%)的贡献最大.
採集瞭2011—2012年武漢市工業區、交通區和植物園的3箇功能區的鞦鼕2季大氣PM2.5樣品,採用超聲提取預處理和GC/MS分析檢測瞭PM2.5中27種PAHs,探討瞭其時空分佈特徵,然後運用主成分分析/多元線性迴歸法解析瞭PAHs的來源.結果錶明:PAHs的質量濃度範圍為24.705~112.490 ng·m-3,PAHs的質量濃度分佈呈現齣工業區>交通區>植物園的規律;鼕季PAHs質量濃度高于鞦季等特徵.不同環數PAHs質量濃度呈現齣規律變化為:5環>4環>2-3環>6-7環,4環、5環的 PAH 含量比例高錶明機動車尾氣和煤燃燒排放是主要排放源.不同功能區化閤物的比值指示來源略有不同,但總體指明瞭武漢主要汙染源來自燃煤和機動車尾氣的排放.源解析結果顯示,工業區的汙染源主要來自于燃煤,其貢獻率為55%,其次為汽油燃燒、柴油燃燒、焦爐和輕質油燃燒.在交通區中,車輛尾氣排放(34%)和天然氣燃燒(25%)的貢獻較大,其次是烹飪、燃煤及木材燃燒.植物園對照區的主要汙染源分彆是木材燃燒、燃煤、天然氣燃燒、車輛排放和烹飪,其中木材燃燒(46%)的貢獻最大.
채집료2011—2012년무한시공업구、교통구화식물완적3개공능구적추동2계대기PM2.5양품,채용초성제취예처리화GC/MS분석검측료PM2.5중27충PAHs,탐토료기시공분포특정,연후운용주성분분석/다원선성회귀법해석료PAHs적래원.결과표명:PAHs적질량농도범위위24.705~112.490 ng·m-3,PAHs적질량농도분포정현출공업구>교통구>식물완적규률;동계PAHs질량농도고우추계등특정.불동배수PAHs질량농도정현출규률변화위:5배>4배>2-3배>6-7배,4배、5배적 PAH 함량비례고표명궤동차미기화매연소배방시주요배방원.불동공능구화합물적비치지시래원략유불동,단총체지명료무한주요오염원래자연매화궤동차미기적배방.원해석결과현시,공업구적오염원주요래자우연매,기공헌솔위55%,기차위기유연소、시유연소、초로화경질유연소.재교통구중,차량미기배방(34%)화천연기연소(25%)적공헌교대,기차시팽임、연매급목재연소.식물완대조구적주요오염원분별시목재연소、연매、천연기연소、차량배방화팽임,기중목재연소(46%)적공헌최대.
Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected at three representative sites (Industry, Downtown Traffic and Botanical Garden) in Wuhan during autumn and winter of 2011—2012. The composition of 27 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 samples were measured by ultrasonic agitation followed by GC/MS method. The diagnostic ratios and Principal component analysis/Multiple linear regression analysis (PCA/MR) were used to determine the major source contributions to PAHs in PM2.5. The results showed that the total mass concentrations of PAHs at three sites ranged from 24.705 to 112.490 ng·m-3, which varied temporally and spatially with higher concentration in winter than in autumn, Industry site > Downtown Traffic site > Botanical Garden site. The abundance order for PAHs with various rings was the following:5-ring>4-ring>2-3-ring>6-7-ring. The high percentage of 4-and 5-ring suggested the main pollution sources come from coal combustion and vihical exhaustion. The evaluation of diagnostic ratios showed that coal combustion and vehicle exhaust are major pollution sources, which is similar to the results from Principal component analysis. Coal combustion was found the biggest contributor (55%) to PAHs at Industry site, while the other sources come from gasoline and diesel combustion, coke smoke and light oil combustion. In contrast, vehicle exhaust (34%) and nature gas combustion (25%) were the main sources at the Downtown Traffic site. The wood combustion accounts for 46% of PAHs at Botanical Garden site.
