CAJ | 학술논문

随着全球生态与环境问题的日益严峻,各国政府和公众对生态系统状况的关注程度日益增加,如何度量生态系统状况成为了生态学者和管理者面临的重大课题.生态指标是生态系统的组成、结构和功能方面的可度量的特征,它是监测生态系统状态变化和评价相关生态与环境政策的基础,也是联系生态科学与决策管理的重要纽带.简要回顾了生态指标的概念、应用与研究进展,探讨了生态指标的监测目标与选择标准、指标适用的时空尺度、指标的敏感性与稳定性、指标与社会经济因素的结合等几个重要问题.文章认为,有效地使用生态指标必须符合如下要求:监测目标清楚;时空尺度明确;参考状态清晰;了解指标定量化过程中的精度和准确性;与具体的胁迫因子相联系;与社会经济指标相结合.实际上,由生态学家和决策者共同参与开发出来的生态指标能够以一种易于公众和决策者的理解和交流的方式来提供生态信息,能够使生态科学知识更好地服务于可持续发展的相关决策.这种生态指标不仅可以用于监测生态系统状态变化,而且可以用于评估相关政策的得失.从生态科学到决策管理,生态指标都具有广阔的发展空间和应用前景.可以预见,像经济指标指导经济发展的作用一样,生态指标将在维持生态系统可持续发展方面发挥越来越重要的作用.
수착전구생태여배경문제적일익엄준,각국정부화공음대생태계통상황적관주정도일익증가,여하도량생태계통상황성위료생태학자화관리자면림적중대과제.생태지표시생태계통적조성、결구화공능방면적가도량적특정,타시감측생태계통상태변화화평개상관생태여배경정책적기출,야시련계생태과학여결책관리적중요뉴대.간요회고료생태지표적개념、응용여연구진전,탐토료생태지표적감측목표여선택표준、지표괄용적시공척도、지표적민감성여은정성、지표여사회경제인소적결합등궤개중요문제.문장인위,유효지사용생태지표필수부합여하요구:감측목표청초;시공척도명학;삼고상태청석;료해지표정양화과정중적정도화준학성;여구체적협박인자상련계;여사회경제지표상결합.실제상,유생태학가화결책자공동삼여개발출래적생태지표능구이일충역우공음화결책자적리해화교류적방식래제공생태신식,능구사생태과학지식경호지복무우가지속발전적상관결책.저충생태지표불부가이용우감측생태계통상태변화,이차가이용우평고상관정책적득실.종생태과학도결책관리,생태지표도구유엄활적발전공간화응용전경.가이예견,상경제지표지도경제발전적작용일양,생태지표장재유지생태계통가지속발전방면발휘월래월중요적작용.
With the increasing global environmental issues, the global government and public care deeply about what is happening to their surrounds. How to measure the ecosystem changing is becoming the priority of the ecologists and policy makers. Ecological indicator is a kind of measurable characteristics related to the structure, composition, or function of ecosystem. Ecological indicator can monitor the changes of ecosystem and assess the effectivity of ecological and environmental policy. The concept, application and progress of ecological indicator were reviewed in this paper. And some important problems about ecological indicator were discussed, such as the monitoring goal and selecting criteria, the applicable temporal-spatial scale, the sensitivity and steadiness, the combining with the social and economic indicators. In order to use the ecological indicators effectively, some rules should be followed: the monitoring target of ecological indicators should be clear and definite; the reference status of ecological indicators should be identified; the accuracy of quantification should be under control; the reason which cause the change of the ecological indicators should be identified; and the ecological indicators should be linked to the social and economic indicators. In fact, the ecological indicator that developed by ecologists together with policy makers can translate the complicated ecological knowledge to the public and policy makers in an easy understanding way, which make the informed decisions with ecological knowledge more effectively. In a word, the ecological indicators can play an important role in both ecological sciences and policy-making.