CAJ | 학술논문

利用Micaps高空、地面实况资料以及雷达基数据产品资料,分析2004—2009年湖北宜昌境内出现的10例强对流天气过程中的超级单体风暴生成的环境条件和回波结构.结果表明:产生冰雹的湿层相对浅薄,产生强降水的湿层较深厚.使用雷暴发生前地面温度和露点进行订正后的CAPE值可判断午后是否有冰雹发生:若订正后CAPE值有较大幅度增长,其值超过1000 J·kg-1以上,则出现冰雹的可能性较大;反之则小.0—6 km中等到强的垂直风切变有利超级单体风暴生成和发展,垂直风切变越大,越有利出现极端大风.若超级单体风暴高度的特征值和特征底有迅速下降迹象,则未来0.5 h内很可能出现8级以上大风.超级单体风暴中正负速度对的切变值越大,风力越大,风灾越明显.超级单体风暴反射率因子的低层或表现为钩状、或向着入流方向突起、或密实块状等回波特征,中高层有强度达55 dBz的强回波.超级单体风暴中,中气旋大多从逆风区或切变区中发展而来,且其在垂直气流结构上表现为低层气旋式辐合,中层辐合逐渐增强,为气旋式旋转,有时出现气旋式旋转与反气旋式旋转共存的双涡结构,至高层,则转为反气旋,表现为辐散.VIL密度(D VIL)对大冰雹有一定的指示意义,当D VIL≥3.5 g·m-3时,出现直径超过2 cm的大冰雹的可能性非常大.
이용Micaps고공、지면실황자료이급뢰체기수거산품자료,분석2004—2009년호북의창경내출현적10례강대류천기과정중적초급단체풍폭생성적배경조건화회파결구.결과표명:산생빙박적습층상대천박,산생강강수적습층교심후.사용뇌폭발생전지면온도화로점진행정정후적CAPE치가판단오후시부유빙박발생:약정정후CAPE치유교대폭도증장,기치초과1000 J·kg-1이상,칙출현빙박적가능성교대;반지칙소.0—6 km중등도강적수직풍절변유리초급단체풍폭생성화발전,수직풍절변월대,월유리출현겁단대풍.약초급단체풍폭고도적특정치화특정저유신속하강적상,칙미래0.5 h내흔가능출현8급이상대풍.초급단체풍폭중정부속도대적절변치월대,풍력월대,풍재월명현.초급단체풍폭반사솔인자적저층혹표현위구상、혹향착입류방향돌기、혹밀실괴상등회파특정,중고층유강도체55 dBz적강회파.초급단체풍폭중,중기선대다종역풍구혹절변구중발전이래,차기재수직기류결구상표현위저층기선식복합,중층복합축점증강,위기선식선전,유시출현기선식선전여반기선식선전공존적쌍와결구,지고층,칙전위반기선,표현위복산.VIL밀도(D VIL)대대빙박유일정적지시의의,당D VIL≥3.5 g·m-3시,출현직경초과2 cm적대빙박적가능성비상대.
@@@@Using real-time upper-air and surface observations from Micaps and radar based data, the environmental condition and echo structure of supercell storms in 10 severe convective weathers over Yichang, Hubei province from 2004 to 2009 have been analyzed. The re-sults show that hail occurred in shallow wet layer, but severe precipitation occurred in deep wet layer. CAPE revised by ground temperature and dew point before the thunderstorm occurred can be used to judge whether the hail will occur in the afternoon. If the revised CAPE value increases greatly (CAPE≥1 000 J·kg-1), the possibility of hail generating is higher, otherwise the possibility is lower. Vertical wind shear (0-6 km) from moderate to strong grade is favorable to the generation and development of supercells, and the stronger vertical wind shear is, the more easily extreme wind emerges. If the characteristic value and characteristic bottom of height of the supercell storms show a rapid decline, gale of more than 8 levels is likely to come in half an hour. When the greater shear means are with the positive/negative velocity area in the supercell storms, the greater wind power is, and the more obvious wind disaster is. Basic reflectivity factors of the supercell storms in the low-level present such echo characteristics as hook-shaped or protuberance to inflow direction or dense bulk, and strong echoes with more than 55 dBz is situated in the mid-and upper-level. In the supercell storms, mesocyclones is mostly developed from the head wind zones or shear zones, and as for the vertical airflow structure it shows cyclonic convergence in the low and cyclonic rotation with reinforcement of con-vergence in the medium. Sometimes the double vortex structure appears with coexisting cyclonic rotation and anticyclonic rotation, and it shows divergence with anticyclone in upper air. D VIL (vertical integrated liquid density) has certain prediction significance for large hail fore-casting, when D VIL≥3.5 g·m-3, the possibility of appearance of large hail with the diameter of more than 2 cm is much higher.