CAJ | 학술논문

人机工程学设计是拖拉机驾驶室设计中非常重要的部分.该文以确定的H点为参考,运用人机工程学设计原则,对拖拉机驾驶室的驾驶员座椅和各操纵装置进行了布局和设计,并建立了驾驶室的 Pro/E 三维模型,运用Pro/E Manikin模块对驾驶员的坐姿舒适性、驾驶员视野性能、驾驶员的操作空间3个方面进行仿真和评价.结果表明,原设计方案中无法同时满足对各操纵装置的舒适性.对驾驶室优化布局和设计,首先,H点位置在X方向的坐标位置为550和581 mm时,分别调用第5百分位和第95百分位的中国男性人体模型进行分析,各操纵装置在操纵舒适性的RULA分析分数为1时,方向盘、变速杆、侧控台和前控台距踵点水平距离范围分别为290~352、366~437、375~420和128~213 mm.其次,通过Pro/E Manikin中到达包络的阴影区域检查操作空间是否符合要求.最后,在进行驾驶室设计过程中,将消音器和空气滤清器的位置设计在前立柱对驾驶员形成的盲区范围内,将水平面前方2个不可避免的盲区(12.81°和14.36°)叠加,最大程度的减小了驾驶员的盲区.优化设计后的驾驶舒适性、视野性能及易操作性在一定程度上都得到了改善.该方法为拖拉机驾驶室人机工程学设计提供了一定的参考.
인궤공정학설계시타랍궤가사실설계중비상중요적부분.해문이학정적H점위삼고,운용인궤공정학설계원칙,대타랍궤가사실적가사원좌의화각조종장치진행료포국화설계,병건립료가사실적 Pro/E 삼유모형,운용Pro/E Manikin모괴대가사원적좌자서괄성、가사원시야성능、가사원적조작공간3개방면진행방진화평개.결과표명,원설계방안중무법동시만족대각조종장치적서괄성.대가사실우화포국화설계,수선,H점위치재X방향적좌표위치위550화581 mm시,분별조용제5백분위화제95백분위적중국남성인체모형진행분석,각조종장치재조종서괄성적RULA분석분수위1시,방향반、변속간、측공태화전공태거종점수평거리범위분별위290~352、366~437、375~420화128~213 mm.기차,통과Pro/E Manikin중도체포락적음영구역검사조작공간시부부합요구.최후,재진행가사실설계과정중,장소음기화공기려청기적위치설계재전립주대가사원형성적맹구범위내,장수평면전방2개불가피면적맹구(12.81°화14.36°)첩가,최대정도적감소료가사원적맹구.우화설계후적가사서괄성、시야성능급역조작성재일정정도상도득도료개선.해방법위타랍궤가사실인궤공정학설계제공료일정적삼고.
Ergonomics design is an essential part of the tractor cab design. This paper redefines the position of the Hip Point of a KT1804 tractor cab by the use of the United States SAE method on fixing a comfortable Hip Point, in combination with the recommended range of the signalized point of the tractor driver’s seat known as SIP on GB/T6235-2004 “Sizes of driver’s seat device in agricultural tractor”. Referring to the fixed Hip Point, the KT1804 tractor cab was designed and arranged according to existing tractor ergonomics theoretical knowledge. Moreover, a three-dimensional model of the cab was established. Then the driver’s sitting comfort, vision performance and the scope of manipulation were evaluated and simulated by using the Pro/E Manikin. The results show that each of the control devices cannot meet the needs of operator comfort at the same time. The cab is optimized in its layout and design. First of all, when the Hip Point coordinates location in the X direction are 550 and 581 mm, the fifth percentile and the ninety-fifth percentile of the Chinese male human body model are invoked and analyzed. When each control device used to manipulate comfort RULA analysis score is 1, the level range from the steering wheel, the gear lever, the side console and the front console to the AHP are 290-352, 366-437, 375-420 and 128-213 mm respectively. Secondly, whether the operating space would meet the requirements or not was checked by the situation of shadow area (command of enveloped and arrived) in the Pro/E Manikin module. Finally, in the process of the cab design, the muffler and air filter were located in the driver's vision blind field which was caused by the front vertical column. Moreover, two inevitable front vision blind fields on the horizontal plane (12.81° and 14.36°) were superimposed, reducing the vision blind field greatly. To a certain extent, the results of the analysis showed that the optimum design of the cab comfort, vision performance and operation were improved. At the same time, this study provides a basis for the ergonomic design of a tractor cab.