CAJ | 학술논문

区域灌溉增产潜力研究是建设灌溉设施的基础,该文利用Hybrid-Maize 模型研究了黑龙江省不同区域玉米通过灌溉措施可获得的增产潜力.田间验证结果表明,Hybrid-Maize 模型对黑龙江省灌溉和雨养玉米均表现出很好的模拟效果.为了研究黑龙江省春玉米灌溉增产潜力(充分灌溉和雨养产量潜力之间的产量差),利用Hybrid-Maize 模型结合实际的生产要素(品种、密度和生育期)及多年气象数据对黑龙江全省玉米的产量潜力进行了模拟,结果表明,黑龙江省第1积温带灌溉增产潜力较大,第3、4、5积温带灌溉增产潜力小;第1与第2积温带西部代表站点灌溉增产潜力大于东部.区域模拟分析表明,黑龙江省西南部充分灌溉条件下的玉米产量潜力最高,达到15000 kg/hm2以上,而东部地区雨养产量潜力最高,达到14000~14799 kg/hm2;自西南向东、向北,灌溉增产潜力逐渐变小,西南部的灌溉增产潜力最大,达到1600 kg/hm2以上,而东部与北部最小,灌溉增产潜力小于300 kg/hm2.当生育期内降雨量在350 mm以下、全年降雨量在430 mm以下时灌溉增产潜力变异最大.因此,黑龙江省玉米灌溉条件的建设应综合考虑积温和降雨2个要素,优先考虑积温较高(第1与第2积温带)、降雨较低(生育期降雨量在350 mm以下、全年降雨量在430 mm以下)的区域.该研究可为黑龙江建立合理的水利灌溉设施提供参考.
구역관개증산잠력연구시건설관개설시적기출,해문이용Hybrid-Maize 모형연구료흑룡강성불동구역옥미통과관개조시가획득적증산잠력.전간험증결과표명,Hybrid-Maize 모형대흑룡강성관개화우양옥미균표현출흔호적모의효과.위료연구흑룡강성춘옥미관개증산잠력(충분관개화우양산량잠력지간적산량차),이용Hybrid-Maize 모형결합실제적생산요소(품충、밀도화생육기)급다년기상수거대흑룡강전성옥미적산량잠력진행료모의,결과표명,흑룡강성제1적온대관개증산잠력교대,제3、4、5적온대관개증산잠력소;제1여제2적온대서부대표참점관개증산잠력대우동부.구역모의분석표명,흑룡강성서남부충분관개조건하적옥미산량잠력최고,체도15000 kg/hm2이상,이동부지구우양산량잠력최고,체도14000~14799 kg/hm2;자서남향동、향북,관개증산잠력축점변소,서남부적관개증산잠력최대,체도1600 kg/hm2이상,이동부여북부최소,관개증산잠력소우300 kg/hm2.당생육기내강우량재350 mm이하、전년강우량재430 mm이하시관개증산잠력변이최대.인차,흑룡강성옥미관개조건적건설응종합고필적온화강우2개요소,우선고필적온교고(제1여제2적온대)、강우교저(생육기강우량재350 mm이하、전년강우량재430 mm이하)적구역.해연구가위흑룡강건립합리적수리관개설시제공삼고.
The yield increasing potential of irrigation was the basis of the construction of irrigation facilities on a regional scale. In this study, the maize yield increasing potential of irrigation in Heilongjiang province was evaluated using a process-based model“Hybrid-Maize.”Through two field experiments in Qixing and 850 farms in Heilongjiang, the Hybrid-Maize model was verified and showed a good simulation in both irrigation and rain-fed conditions. To study the maize yield increasing potential of irrigation (the yield gap between irrigation and rainfed yield potential) in Heilongjiang province, modeling work combined with agronomic practice (cultivar, plant density and growth durations) and historical meteorological data was conducted. Modeling results showed that the maize yield increasing potential by irrigation was highest at the first accumulated temperature zone and was low at the third, fourth and fifth accumulated temperature zones. The west representative sites of the first and second accumulated temperature zones showed higher yield increasing potential of irrigation than the east representative sites. Regional modeling results showed that, under condition of irrigation, there was the highest yield potential with more than 15 000 kg/hm2 in the southwest region of Heilongjiang province, and under condition of rain-fed, there was the highest yield potential with 14 000-14 799 kg/hm2 in the east region of Heilongjiang province. From the southwest to the east and north, the yield increasing potential of irrigation showed a declining trend from more than 1 600 kg/hm2 to less than 300 kg/hm2. When the mean growing season and annual precipitations were less than 350 mm and 430 mm respectively, the variance of the yield increasing potential of irrigation was the largest. In conclusion, we suggest that the south-west area in Heilongjiang province, where the mean growing season and annual precipitations were less than 350 mm and 430 mm in the first and second accumulated temperature zones, should be the priority area for the construction of irrigation facilities. The study can provide references for reasonable irrigation facilities construction in Heilongjiang.