CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨首都圈水源保护区土地利用景观演变过程及其驱动因素,以密云县红门川流域为研究对象,运用景观生态学、马尔科夫模型等方法研究流域景观动态演变,结合灰色 GM(1,1)预测模型、主成分分析等方法从社会经济、自然条件与区域政策、人口3方面探讨了流域景观变化驱动力.结果表明:1990-2005年间,水域面积迅速减少和居民与工矿用地持续增加是流域景观格局变化的最明显特征;流域景观破碎度增加,不同景观类型斑块分布趋于聚集,斑块形状趋于复杂化;预测2020年流域水域面积较1990年减少67.5%,水域减少会加剧流域用水矛盾;2020年流域森林覆被率降至73.81%,但仍满足以水源涵养为目标的适宜森林覆盖率要求;降水减少是流域水域面积变化的主要原因;区域政策是林地结构发生变化的根本原因;而人口因素则是导致居民与工矿用地面积增加,未利用地、水域等向耕地转化的主要驱动力.研究结果可为该区域土地资源的可持续利用、开发和管理提供科学依据.
위탐토수도권수원보호구토지이용경관연변과정급기구동인소,이밀운현홍문천류역위연구대상,운용경관생태학、마이과부모형등방법연구류역경관동태연변,결합회색 GM(1,1)예측모형、주성분분석등방법종사회경제、자연조건여구역정책、인구3방면탐토료류역경관변화구동력.결과표명:1990-2005년간,수역면적신속감소화거민여공광용지지속증가시류역경관격국변화적최명현특정;류역경관파쇄도증가,불동경관류형반괴분포추우취집,반괴형상추우복잡화;예측2020년류역수역면적교1990년감소67.5%,수역감소회가극류역용수모순;2020년류역삼림복피솔강지73.81%,단잉만족이수원함양위목표적괄의삼림복개솔요구;강수감소시류역수역면적변화적주요원인;구역정책시임지결구발생변화적근본원인;이인구인소칙시도치거민여공광용지면적증가,미이용지、수역등향경지전화적주요구동력.연구결과가위해구역토지자원적가지속이용、개발화관리제공과학의거.
Analysis of the land use and land cover changes (LUCC) and its driving factors in water conservation zones is essential for the development of sustainable water resource strategies. Miyun Reservoir is the most important drinking water source for Beijing Municipality, the capital of China with a population of more than 20 million.In recent decades,the inflow to the reservoir has shown a decreasing trend,which has seriously threatened the security of water use in Beijing. According to researches, LUCC is generally assumed to be responsible for changes in water yield of catchments. In order to explore the evolution process and driving factors of landscape changes in water source protection zones of the metropolitan area, Hongmenchuan watershed located in Miyun County was selected as the research object. The characteristics and the dynamic evolution of landscape patterns during 1990 to 2005 were analyzed by applying landscape ecological method and Markov model on the basis of the land use information from remote sensing. Combined with Grey forecast model of GM (1, 1) and the principal components analysis, the driving force of landscape changes were discussed from three aspects of the socio-economic, the natural conditions and regional policy and the population, respectively. Brief conclusions can be drawn as follows:major LULC changes in the period from 1990 to 2005 include declines of water area, and major increases in urban area. Moreover, the rapid reduction of water area and the continued increase of construction land were the most obvious features of the landscape changes in Hongmenchuan watershed during the period of 1990-2005. Changes of comprehensive dynamic degree of land use in different periods indicated that land use change rate showed an accelerated increasing trend. Landscape fragmentation increased significantly and patches distribution of various landscape types tend to be gathered, which lead to the patches shape more complicated. Based on the predictable results, the water area will be reduced by 67.5% in 2020 and inevitably exacerbate the contradictions of water use in the watershed. Although the forests cover falls to 73.81%, it still meets the appropriate forest coverage for water conservation. Changes of precipitation were the main reason for the change of water area, and regional policy was the basic reason for the changes of forest area and forest structure. Human factors may be the major driving force of the increase of construction land and the conversion of unused land, water area to farmland. The results can provide important benchmarks for assessing the significance of human activities, regional policy on the regional land use and land cover change, and also finally put forward a scientific reference for sustainable utilization, development and management of land resource in this region.