CAJ | 학술논문

在不同坡度(15°、20°、25°)和降雨强度(1.5mm/min和2.0mm/min)条件下,利用室内模拟降雨试验,研究了杨凌塿土和安塞黄绵土的坡面细沟发育过程、形态特征及水沙关系.结果表明,不同降雨强度和坡度下,塿土坡面的细沟发育规律基本一致,主要由沿坡面方向呈线状分布的跌坎链相互连通而成,表现为沟头溯源侵蚀和沟道下切侵蚀,细沟宽深比随雨强及坡度增加而变小,细沟密度则随之而增加;黄绵土的跌坎形状为长条状,细沟主要由单个跌坎发育而成,发育过程中溯源侵蚀和边壁崩塌现象更为明显,细沟的宽深比较大.相比黄绵土,塿土的产流和达到稳定径流量的速度较快,相同降雨强度条件下,不同坡度间径流量的差异性较小;不同降雨强度和坡度条件下,塿土的含沙量变化过程较为一致,最终会趋于一个稳定值,黄绵土含沙量的变化过程较为复杂.另外,两种土壤从含沙量开始较快增加至达到最高值的时间段与其细沟形成及发育的时间段大体吻合,相比之下塿土更易发生细沟侵蚀.
재불동파도(15°、20°、25°)화강우강도(1.5mm/min화2.0mm/min)조건하,이용실내모의강우시험,연구료양릉루토화안새황면토적파면세구발육과정、형태특정급수사관계.결과표명,불동강우강도화파도하,루토파면적세구발육규률기본일치,주요유연파면방향정선상분포적질감련상호련통이성,표현위구두소원침식화구도하절침식,세구관심비수우강급파도증가이변소,세구밀도칙수지이증가;황면토적질감형상위장조상,세구주요유단개질감발육이성,발육과정중소원침식화변벽붕탑현상경위명현,세구적관심비교대.상비황면토,루토적산류화체도은정경류량적속도교쾌,상동강우강도조건하,불동파도간경류량적차이성교소;불동강우강도화파도조건하,루토적함사량변화과정교위일치,최종회추우일개은정치,황면토함사량적변화과정교위복잡.령외,량충토양종함사량개시교쾌증가지체도최고치적시간단여기세구형성급발육적시간단대체문합,상비지하루토경역발생세구침식.
In an indoor simulating rainfall experiment with different slopes (15°,20°,25°) and rainfall in?tensities (1.5mm/min and 2.0mm/min), the rill development process, and its morphological characteristics and runoff and sediment yield were studied with cumulic cinnamon soil and loessial soil. The results show that the rill development law is agreement for cumulic cinnamon soil under different slopes and rainfall in?tensities,i.e. rills evolve from a series of step-down floor which are parallel to each other and distributed with line at slope surface direction;the main characteristics of which is headward erosion and vertical ero?sion,and rill width-depth ratio decreases with increase in rain intensity and slope and so does the rill den?sity. For the loessial soil, the shape of step-down floor is long strip, the rills form mainly by a single step-down floor,and headward erosion and side wall collapse is more apparent in the process of rill devel?opment, so width-depth ratio is larger. Compared with loessial soil, the speed of runoff yield and achiev?ing stable runoff for cumulic cinnamon soil is faster,and the differences of runoff with different slopes are smaller,under the same rainfall intensity. At the same time,the change process of sediment concentration for cumulic cinnamon soil is more uniform in the condition with different rainfall intensity and slope, which could eventually tend to a stable value, instead, the effect of rainfall intensity and slope on the change process of loessial soil sediment concentration is more complicated. In addition,the periods for both soils from sediment concentration increasing rapidly to the maximum ones are consistent with the periods of their rill formation and development, and rill erosion for cumulic cinnamon soil is more likely to happen by comparison.