CAJ | 학술논문

焦虑与注意偏向的研究是近年来情绪与认知领域的热点.为探讨特质焦虑个体的注意偏向特点及其返回抑制能力是否受不同线索的调节,采用特质焦虑量表筛选高特质焦虑大学生29名,低特质焦虑大学生28名完成线索-靶子任务.要求被试在提示线索消失后,对位置进行快而准地辨别反应,分别探索中性和情绪性提示线索下被试的返回抑制.结果发现:(1)在中性线索条件下,高焦虑个体平均反应时慢于低焦虑个体.(2)在情绪线索条件下,高焦虑个体在负性线索下的反应时小于在正性线索下的反应时;高、低焦虑个体在各种 SOA条件下均出现了返回抑制,但各组返回抑制量受到情绪线索的调节:在正性情绪线索条件下,两组返回抑制量没有显著差异;在负性情绪线索下,高焦虑个体返回抑制量显著小于低焦虑个体.这表明,(1)焦虑个体的注意偏向受到刺激信息的影响:只对负性情绪线索出现注意警觉;(2)只有在涉及负性情绪信息时高、低焦虑个体返回抑制能力才有差异,高焦虑个体存在对负性情绪线索的抑制困难.
초필여주의편향적연구시근년래정서여인지영역적열점.위탐토특질초필개체적주의편향특점급기반회억제능력시부수불동선색적조절,채용특질초필량표사선고특질초필대학생29명,저특질초필대학생28명완성선색-파자임무.요구피시재제시선색소실후,대위치진행쾌이준지변별반응,분별탐색중성화정서성제시선색하피시적반회억제.결과발현:(1)재중성선색조건하,고초필개체평균반응시만우저초필개체.(2)재정서선색조건하,고초필개체재부성선색하적반응시소우재정성선색하적반응시;고、저초필개체재각충 SOA조건하균출현료반회억제,단각조반회억제량수도정서선색적조절:재정성정서선색조건하,량조반회억제량몰유현저차이;재부성정서선색하,고초필개체반회억제량현저소우저초필개체.저표명,(1)초필개체적주의편향수도자격신식적영향:지대부성정서선색출현주의경각;(2)지유재섭급부성정서신식시고、저초필개체반회억제능력재유차이,고초필개체존재대부성정서선색적억제곤난.
@@@@Inhibition of return (IOR), as an important part of attention bias, was generally considered as an adaptive mechanism during human evolution. Previous studies on the peculiarities of anxiety individual’s attention mainly focused on the attention orientation and inhibition ability; the effects of the natures of the stimuli on post-orientation inhibition, and the relation between the anxiety individual’s features and attentional bias, are still unclear. In the present study, we will focus on the attention bias of the anxiety group, and try to figure out the possible reasons underlying IOR features by using the cue-target paradigm with different cues. @@@@Traits Anxiety Inventory was used to test the undergraduates before the experiment, and finally twenty-nine undergraduates with high trait anxiety and twenty-eight with low trait anxiety were chosen as participants. In two experiments, participants were instructed to perform a cue-target task as accurately and quickly as possible, which included two kinds of uninformative cues:neutral cognitive cues and emotional face cues. @@@@Experiment 1 suggested that participants of high anxiety reacted more slowly than that of low anxiety under the condition of neutral cognitive cues. Although IOR did not appear in this experiment. Experiment 2 indicated that IOR effect occurred under all SOA levels for both groups, and IOR magnitudes of the two groups were modulated by emotional cues. The two groups showed no significant difference on IOR effect under the condition of positive cues, while IOR effect of the high anxiety group turned out to be much smaller than that of the low anxiety group under the condition of negative cues. @@@@These experiments suggested that only under negative emotional circumstances, groups of different trait anxiety showed different IOR abilities, and particularly, high anxiety group’s IOR ability was impaired, which provided specific information on possible improvement of the anxiety symptoms.