CAJ | 학술논문

以美国学者格兰特·吉尔莫为代表的西方法学界哀叹“契约死亡”!果真如此吗?笔者以亲身经历的3个典型案例反映出“个案困境”,以30起1363件商品房买卖系列纠纷案件分析出“整体困局”,由现行法律的基本原则、准入规则和无效规则剥离出“立法困惑”,一个个立法、司法现实,使读者深感我国现行格式条款法律制度的“问题困扰”,契约死亡并非恫吓!如何让沧桑百年譹訛、造尽辉煌,而今却濒临死亡的契约理论再生?包括日本学者内田贵的《契约的再生》在内,迄今尚无满意答案.笔者认为,探明法理根据是规制格式条款的前提,也是契约再生的基础.于是提出格式条款非平等性、非协商性、非特定性的“三非”特征,“格式条款规制说”的性质,契约自由与交易秩序和谐、公平交易与效率经济统一、基本生存与持续发展兼顾的价值取向.契约再生必须有立法、行政和司法的共同给力,体现在格式条款的三条规制路径:立法界定立法定义、确立规制原则、明确条款准入规则、理顺无效原则体系;行政健全审查备案制度和违法禁用制度;司法建立绝对相对无效、免责加责和主要权利判断、提示义务范围和条款解释等规则.
이미국학자격란특·길이막위대표적서방법학계애우“계약사망”!과진여차마?필자이친신경력적3개전형안례반영출“개안곤경”,이30기1363건상품방매매계렬규분안건분석출“정체곤국”,유현행법률적기본원칙、준입규칙화무효규칙박리출“입법곤혹”,일개개입법、사법현실,사독자심감아국현행격식조관법률제도적“문제곤우”,계약사망병비통하!여하양창상백년호와、조진휘황,이금각빈림사망적계약이론재생?포괄일본학자내전귀적《계약적재생》재내,흘금상무만의답안.필자인위,탐명법리근거시규제격식조관적전제,야시계약재생적기출.우시제출격식조관비평등성、비협상성、비특정성적“삼비”특정,“격식조관규제설”적성질,계약자유여교역질서화해、공평교역여효솔경제통일、기본생존여지속발전겸고적개치취향.계약재생필수유입법、행정화사법적공동급력,체현재격식조관적삼조규제로경:입법계정입법정의、학립규제원칙、명학조관준입규칙、리순무효원칙체계;행정건전심사비안제도화위법금용제도;사법건립절대상대무효、면책가책화주요권리판단、제시의무범위화조관해석등규칙.
American scholar Grant Gilmore is deploring “ the death of contract”. Is it true? The author is trying to work out the “dilemma of individual cases” from three typical self-experienced cases, and analyze the “dilem-ma of integrity” from 30 cases concerning up to 1363 commodity houses purchase and sale, and segregate “legis-lation bewilderment” from the basic, implanting and invalid principles of the current legal system. Both legislation and reality bring problems and troubles of standard clause before us and “the death of contract” is not empty talk at all. How to revive the theory of contract that has survived more than a century and made wonders and prosper-ity but is now close to extinction? Nobody gives a satisfactory answer including “Resurrection of Contract” wrote by a Japanese scholar. The paper intends to illustrate that jurisprudence principle serves as a premise as well as a foundation for the resurrection of contract and summarizes the nature and three characteristics of standard clause, namely inequality, non-negotiation and unspecific. It establishes such value orientations as freedom of contract and harmonious trade, free trade and nation’s macro plan, fair trade and efficiency, contract justice and benefits harmony, basic substance and sustained development. Resurrection of contract calls for collective effort of legisla-tion, administration, and judicature. Standard clause has three prescriptive principles, namely establishment of standard and admission principle and elimination of invalid principle; perfection of investigation system and ille-gally prohibited system; establishment of some regulations concerning absolute and comparative invalidity, exemp-tion and investigation, rights estimation, the scope of obligation, and interpretation of clauses.