CAJ | 학술논문

蜜蜂授粉是中果型西瓜简约化栽培技术之一,西瓜蜜蜂授粉与人工辅助授粉处理相比,蜜蜂授粉是天然授粉方式,既可减轻瓜农的劳动强度,又可提高西瓜坐果率及西瓜心、边糖含量,改善西瓜品质.试验结果表明:中果型西瓜京欣3号两种蜜蜂授粉方式和人工辅助授粉,对整个生育期主蔓长、粗、绿叶数及叶面积无影响,两种蜜蜂授粉与人工辅助授粉平均单瓜质量提高0.400 kg,两种蜜蜂授粉与人工辅助授粉667 m2平均产量提高380.800 kg,两种蜜蜂粉坐果率为100.00%,畸形果为0.00%.从西瓜皮厚、硬度及产籽量上来分析,两种蜜蜂授粉西瓜比人工辅助授粉西瓜皮厚平均降低0.19 cm,瓤的硬度平均降低0.360 kg/cm2,产籽量平均增加了10.00%,且籽粒饱满.两种蜜蜂授粉的西瓜果形周正,商品率高.两种蜜蜂授粉平均边缘和中心可溶性固形物增加了0.23%和0.82%,且蜜蜂授粉改变了西瓜的品质,纤维少,酥脆可口,经济效益可提高31.00%.综合考虑667 m2产量、坐瓜率和可溶性固形物含量等指标,中果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉表现最为优异,建议广大瓜农应用中果型西瓜蜜蜂授粉技术.
밀봉수분시중과형서과간약화재배기술지일,서과밀봉수분여인공보조수분처리상비,밀봉수분시천연수분방식,기가감경과농적노동강도,우가제고서과좌과솔급서과심、변당함량,개선서과품질.시험결과표명:중과형서과경흔3호량충밀봉수분방식화인공보조수분,대정개생육기주만장、조、록협수급협면적무영향,량충밀봉수분여인공보조수분평균단과질량제고0.400 kg,량충밀봉수분여인공보조수분667 m2평균산량제고380.800 kg,량충밀봉분좌과솔위100.00%,기형과위0.00%.종서과피후、경도급산자량상래분석,량충밀봉수분서과비인공보조수분서과피후평균강저0.19 cm,양적경도평균강저0.360 kg/cm2,산자량평균증가료10.00%,차자립포만.량충밀봉수분적서과과형주정,상품솔고.량충밀봉수분평균변연화중심가용성고형물증가료0.23%화0.82%,차밀봉수분개변료서과적품질,섬유소,소취가구,경제효익가제고31.00%.종합고필667 m2산량、좌과솔화가용성고형물함량등지표,중과형서과밀봉수분표현최위우이,건의엄대과농응용중과형서과밀봉수분기술.
Honeybee pollination is one of the simplified planting techniques for median size watermelons. Compared with artificial supplementary pollination, honeybee pollination is natural, which not only ease labour, but also increase the fruit set rate and sugar content. Researches on JingXin NO.3 ,a kind of median size watermelon, suggest: artificial supplementary pollination and two kinds of honeybee pollination have no effect on the length, thickness, number of green leaves and leaf area of the main vines. Under artificial supplementary pollination and two kinds of honeybee pollination, the average weight of one watermelon has increased by 0.400 kg. Besides, the average production of an area of 667m2 has increased by 380.800 kg. When two kinds of honeybee pollination are used, the fruit set rate reaches 100.00%, and the malformed fruit rate 0.00%. Considering the peel thickness, pulp hardness and seed set, watermelons, which have used two kinds of honeybee pollination, have a decrease of peel thickness about 0.19 mm, 0.360 kg/cm2 decrease on pulp hardness, and 10.00% increase of seed set. What’s more, the seeds are plump, watermelons regular and commodity rate high. With two kinds of honeybee pollination, the average soluble solids of the marginal and central part have increased by 0.23%and 0.82% respectively. Meanwhile, the quality of the watermelons is changed: less fiber and more delicious. The economic benefits have increased by 31.00%. Considering the indexes of production, fruit set rate and soluble solids quantity, honeybee pollination is more beneficial for median size watermelon. As a result, we suggest the melon growers to use honeybee pollination technique on median size watermelons.