CAJ | 학술논문

在19世纪末与20世纪前20多年,欧洲和美国工业发展迅速,期间孕育了许多新的工程科学分支.本文采用科技史学与科学社会学等学科的方法,以美国化学工程师学会为主要案例,初步梳理化学工程学科形成的重要史实与发展脉络,以期窥一斑见全豹地理解工程科学.研究表明,随着美国化学工业的迅速成长,化学工程师成为一种新的职业角色,化学工程学科在化学与机械工程的交叉中逐步形成.1888年波士顿理工学院(麻省理工学院前身)率先开设化学工程课程,尝试培养化学工业需要的工程师并构建一个新学科.化学工程师思考着自己工作与纯粹化学和机械工程的关系,寻找着自己在工业中的职业边界和学科依托.化学工业的发展壮大伴随着化学工程师群体的形成和化学工程教育的建制化,并最终促成美国化学工程师学会在1908年的创建.这个学会的诞生是化学工程学科建制化的又一个重要标志,它在学科的塑造与发展中扮演了重要角色:界定化学工程师的职业身份,构建学术交流平台;理清化学工程学科的知识范围及其与化学、机械工程等学科的关系;改革大学的化学工程教育,规范课程设置;促进学术、教育与产业的合作.
재19세기말여20세기전20다년,구주화미국공업발전신속,기간잉육료허다신적공정과학분지.본문채용과기사학여과학사회학등학과적방법,이미국화학공정사학회위주요안례,초보소이화학공정학과형성적중요사실여발전맥락,이기규일반견전표지리해공정과학.연구표명,수착미국화학공업적신속성장,화학공정사성위일충신적직업각색,화학공정학과재화학여궤계공정적교차중축보형성.1888년파사돈리공학원(마성리공학원전신)솔선개설화학공정과정,상시배양화학공업수요적공정사병구건일개신학과.화학공정사사고착자기공작여순수화학화궤계공정적관계,심조착자기재공업중적직업변계화학과의탁.화학공업적발전장대반수착화학공정사군체적형성화화학공정교육적건제화,병최종촉성미국화학공정사학회재1908년적창건.저개학회적탄생시화학공정학과건제화적우일개중요표지,타재학과적소조여발전중분연료중요각색:계정화학공정사적직업신빈,구건학술교류평태;리청화학공정학과적지식범위급기여화학、궤계공정등학과적관계;개혁대학적화학공정교육,규범과정설치;촉진학술、교육여산업적합작.
In the 20 years from the late 19th century to early 20th century, industry developed rapidly in Europe and the U.S. During this period new branches of engineering science came into being. In order to have deep understanding of engineering science, the author chooses American Institute of Chemical Engineers as her case study target. On the basis of important sources and literatures, the paper made a study on the history of the formulation of chemical engineering as a new discipline from the perspectives of historiography and sociology of science. The paper shows that in the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the U.S, chemical engineers has become a new profession, and chemical engineering as a discipline is gradually shaped by the interaction and intersection of chemistry and mechanical engineering. In 1888, Boston Institute of Technology (the predecessor of MIT) started to design chemical engineering courses and to train engineers needed in chemical industry. Chemical engineers paid more attention to the connection of their work with pure chemistry and mechanical engineering. They tried to find out their own professional and knowledge boundaries in industry. The chemical industry grew along with the formation of chemical engineer groups and institutionalization of chemical engineering education. In such a context, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers was established in 1908. The AIChE was a distinguished mark of the institutionalization of chemical engineering. It played an important role in the shaping and promoting of the new discipline: defining the professional identity of the chemical engineer; constructing a platform of academic communication; clarifying the boundary of chemical engineering and the relationship among chemical engineering, chemistry, mechanical engineering and other disciplines; reforming the education of chemical engineering at American universities, standardizing the curriculum of chemical engineering;promoting the connection among academic institutions, universities and enterprises.