CAJ | 학술논문

通过主成分分析、方差分析和非参数检验比较荒漠沙蜥利用生境和潜在可利用生境的9个生态因子,目的是调查其栖息地选择的地理和季节变异.研究表明荒漠沙蜥栖息地选择不存在性别差异,但存在显著的季节和地理差异.多数种群在繁殖前均选择植被盖度较低的、日晒条件好的生境,而繁殖后选择草本盖度较高、食物条件较好的生境.对照样方季节变异不明显,表明该差异主要由沙蜥的主动选择引起.繁殖前温度相对较低,沙蜥为了获得较高体温、保证生殖腺发育而选择低盖度生境;繁殖后期为了避免高温、快速积累越冬所需脂肪而选择高草本盖度生境.无论对照样方还是选择样方均存在显著的地理变异,且参数的变异模式相同,表明栖息地的地理差异与生境的差异有一定关系.此外,在不同的生境条件下,沙蜥也会权衡逃避敌害和取食的利害,而做出有利于其存活和繁殖的选择.如在灌丛盖度较高逃避捕食较容易的生境会较多地考虑日晒和取食,而在植被盖度较低食物不利时侧重取食.
통과주성분분석、방차분석화비삼수검험비교황막사석이용생경화잠재가이용생경적9개생태인자,목적시조사기서식지선택적지리화계절변이.연구표명황막사석서식지선택불존재성별차이,단존재현저적계절화지리차이.다수충군재번식전균선택식피개도교저적、일쇄조건호적생경,이번식후선택초본개도교고、식물조건교호적생경.대조양방계절변이불명현,표명해차이주요유사석적주동선택인기.번식전온도상대교저,사석위료획득교고체온、보증생식선발육이선택저개도생경;번식후기위료피면고온、쾌속적루월동소수지방이선택고초본개도생경.무론대조양방환시선택양방균존재현저적지리변이,차삼수적변이모식상동,표명서식지적지리차이여생경적차이유일정관계.차외,재불동적생경조건하,사석야회권형도피활해화취식적리해,이주출유리우기존활화번식적선택.여재관총개도교고도피포식교용역적생경회교다지고필일쇄화취식,이재식피개도교저식물불리시측중취식.
Animals depend on their habitats to complete a life cycle and habitat selection will affect all their other selections. Parameters of 173 selected and 227 controlled habitats of Phrynocephalus przewalskii from four populations around the Tengger desert were compared using principal component analysis, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test. It was found that abitat selection was similar between males and females, but differed in seasons or among the populations. Before breeding, P. przewalskii selected sites with a lower cover of vegetation to achieve optimal body temperature. In order to recruit the energy used in reproduction and accumulate energy for passing the winter, they would favor sites with a high density and cover of grass after breeding. No significant seasonal difference was found in the controlled habitats; so the variations in the selected habitats were mainly caused by active selection. Geographic variation patterns in selected and controlled habitats were similar. Thus the geographic variations in P. przewalskii habitat selection might have mainly contributed to the environment variations. Moreover, P. przewalskii would weigh the benefit between foraging and avoiding predation, and make different decisions in different conditions. For example, P. przewalskii would favor bathing and foraging when the vegetation coverage was high, but mainly favored foraging when the food was short.