CAJ | 학술논문

为了加快建设工程损毁立地植被群落正向演替,探究土壤特性与植被生长效果的响应关系,选取北京市延庆县上辛庄水土保持科技示范园20个典型绿化护坡小区为评价单元,运用主成分分析及聚类分析法在求得各护坡小区综合评价得分的基础上,将20个护坡小区划分为3类.采用 Margalef 指数、Pielou 指数、Simpson 指数和Shannon-Wiener 指数评价了3类护坡小区植被群落年际分异特征,并构建了5种模式的植被-土壤环境耦合度及其预测模型.结果表明:1)坡面植被恢复过程中以土质边坡为主的护坡小区植被恢复效果普遍优于岩质边坡组成的护坡小区.2)随着年份的增加,3类护坡小区物种多样性指数增大,变异系数减小,植被演替愈加剧烈.3)植被恢复5 a 后,植被-土壤耦合协调程度不是十分理想,以土质边坡为主的护坡小区处于中级协调发展阶段,岩质边坡组成的护坡小区仅处于初级协调发展阶段.该研究可为建设工程损毁立地边坡植被恢复提供参考依据.
위료가쾌건설공정손훼입지식피군락정향연체,탐구토양특성여식피생장효과적향응관계,선취북경시연경현상신장수토보지과기시범완20개전형녹화호파소구위평개단원,운용주성분분석급취류분석법재구득각호파소구종합평개득분적기출상,장20개호파소구화분위3류.채용 Margalef 지수、Pielou 지수、Simpson 지수화Shannon-Wiener 지수평개료3류호파소구식피군락년제분이특정,병구건료5충모식적식피-토양배경우합도급기예측모형.결과표명:1)파면식피회복과정중이토질변파위주적호파소구식피회복효과보편우우암질변파조성적호파소구.2)수착년빈적증가,3류호파소구물충다양성지수증대,변이계수감소,식피연체유가극렬.3)식피회복5 a 후,식피-토양우합협조정도불시십분이상,이토질변파위주적호파소구처우중급협조발전계단,암질변파조성적호파소구부처우초급협조발전계단.해연구가위건설공정손훼입지변파식피회복제공삼고의거.
In recent years, the implementation of the development and construction projects has destroyed original ecological barrier, which results in a series of environmental problems, such as water losses and soil erosion, landslide, vegetation coverage degradation and diversity of species decrease, which will endanger human life and property safety. It is urgent and necessary to figure out the relationship between soil properties and vegetation growth, based on which measures can be designed and conducted to maintain stability and sustainable development of natural environment, as well as to recover or reconstruct the sites impaired by construction projects, and then keep life and property from threat damaged. In this study, 20 typical slope protection districts in Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology Demonstration Park in Shangxinzhuang, Yanqing county of Beijing were chosen as evaluation units. Several parameters related to vegetation recovery were simplified into four independent principal components with specific functions using principal components analysis (PCA) method, including vegetation characteristics, soil physical properties, soil chemical properties and site conditions. Principal component scores were used for cluster analysis, and the 20 districts were divided into 3 groups. The comprehensive scores of every protection district were identified by using scores of 4 principal components and the corresponding eigenvalue weights, and then they were combined with the results of cluster analysis to assess the vegetation recovery effect of 3 types of slope protection districts. Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were used to evaluate inter-annual differentiation characteristics of vegetation community in different groups of districts and to construct 5 prediction models with different vegetation-soil degrees of coupling, within which the effects from both soils and plants were integrated. The results showed that: 1) Group I and Group II of districts, which mainly consisted of soil slopes, had significantly better vegetation restoration effect compared to Group III, which mainly consisted of rock slopes. 2) With the passage of time, the diversity index increased, the coefficient of variation decreased, and vegetation succession processed in a more dramatic manner in all groups of districts. 3) After 5 years of recovery, the vegetation-soil coupling coordination degrees of all districts achieved not so good coordinated development stage. Group I and Group II belonged to intermediate coordinated development stage, while Group III belonged to primary coordinated development stage. The vegetation-soil systems of all 3 groups of districts were in a transition period from primary coordinated development towards to intermediate coordinated development. The method of simplifying vegetation recovery factors by CPA combined clustering analysis to divide protection slope type is effective and it can not only ensure the data comprehensive, but also confirm the typicality when evaluating the vegetation recovery effect. In addition, the model constructed by soil properties and vegetation properties combined soil and vegetation system suitably which can evaluate the vegetation recovery effect in all protection districts. This research can guide the vegetation recovery of slopes damaged by construction projects for governors and executors. Measures of vegetation restoration in bare slopes and inner relationship of vegetation-soil need further investigation in the future.