CAJ | 학술논문

为检验自适应滴灌灌水器的流量自动调节效果,根据自适应滴灌灌水器的工作原理,利用负压吸气泵模拟土壤负压,进行了 AD-1型自适应滴灌灌水器在流量补偿、流量自适应2种工作模式的流量均匀性、供水压力-流量关系、模拟土壤负压-流量关系等水力性能试验与研究,并分析了其适宜的工作压力.结果表明:AD-1型自适应滴灌灌水器增添的滴水状态控制结构,不仅保留了常规滴灌灌水器的流量补偿特点,还增添了感知土壤水分含量、智能化控制灌溉和流量自动调节的多重使用功效.在流量补偿模式下,灌水器在额定供水压力100 kPa 时的平均流量为14.71 L/h,且流量均匀度高,流量偏差系数为9.79%;在流量自适应模式下,灌水器的流量均匀度基本不变,在供水压力30 kPa 和土壤负压最小值20 kPa 的共同作用时即可开始正常工作,并确定出最小、最大的适宜供水压力分别为30、50 kPa.在适宜供水压力30~50 kPa 范围内,灌水器能根据土壤实际水分状况在0~11.22 L/h 之间实时、自动调节滴水流量,改变了常规灌水器被动出水的工作方式,真正实现作物、土壤的按需主动连续取水,明显地提高了节水灌溉设备的精准灌溉水平,既保证了作物正常生长的适宜土壤水分,又促进了灌溉系统应用模式向智能化、自动化方向的进一步发展.
위검험자괄응적관관수기적류량자동조절효과,근거자괄응적관관수기적공작원리,이용부압흡기빙모의토양부압,진행료 AD-1형자괄응적관관수기재류량보상、류량자괄응2충공작모식적류량균균성、공수압력-류량관계、모의토양부압-류량관계등수력성능시험여연구,병분석료기괄의적공작압력.결과표명:AD-1형자괄응적관관수기증첨적적수상태공제결구,불부보류료상규적관관수기적류량보상특점,환증첨료감지토양수분함량、지능화공제관개화류량자동조절적다중사용공효.재류량보상모식하,관수기재액정공수압력100 kPa 시적평균류량위14.71 L/h,차류량균균도고,류량편차계수위9.79%;재류량자괄응모식하,관수기적류량균균도기본불변,재공수압력30 kPa 화토양부압최소치20 kPa 적공동작용시즉가개시정상공작,병학정출최소、최대적괄의공수압력분별위30、50 kPa.재괄의공수압력30~50 kPa 범위내,관수기능근거토양실제수분상황재0~11.22 L/h 지간실시、자동조절적수류량,개변료상규관수기피동출수적공작방식,진정실현작물、토양적안수주동련속취수,명현지제고료절수관개설비적정준관개수평,기보증료작물정상생장적괄의토양수분,우촉진료관개계통응용모식향지능화、자동화방향적진일보발전.
An adaptive drip irrigation emitter is a new type of emitter which uses the multi-use function of flow compensation and the flow adaptive. In order to examine the effect of self-adjustment automatically on an adaptive drip irrigation emitter, we studied the hydraulic performance of the type of AD-1 adaptive drip irrigation emitter under two different operating modes of the flow compensation and the flow adaptive according to the working mechanism of the adaptive drip irrigation emitter by using the negative pressure suction pump to simulate the soil suction. The tests examined the flow rate uniformity, the relation between the supply water pressure and drip flow, and the relation between simulated soil negative pressure and drip flow on the adaptive drip irrigation emitter which the simulated soil negative pressure was formed by suction pump. At the same time, we had analyzed the suitable supply water pressure. The results showed that: the adding of drip state control structure not only retained the general flow compensation characteristic of drip irrigation emitter, but also added in advantages including multi-use functions of soil moisture monitoring, intelligent controlling irrigation and automatic adjustment of drip flow. At the mode of flow compensation, the flow rate of emitter was 14.71 L/h, the coefficient of uniformity was higher, the coefficient of flow deviation was 9.79% when the supply water pressure was rated 100 kPa. At the mode of flow adaptive, the emitter can begin working normally when the two pressures were acting together, and when the supply water pressure was only 30 kPa and the minimum soil suction of 20 kPa. The coefficient of flow uniformity also stayed steady. Then we determined the minimum and the maximum suitable water supply pressure was 30 and 50 kPa respectively. Moreover, it can adjust the drip flow rate automatically and in a timely manner at the range of 0-11.22 L/h according to the actual soil moisture status at the range of suitable water supply pressure 30-50 kPa. Unlike conventional irrigation emitters, the adaptive drip irrigation emitter can better change the working mode of dripping water passively and the technology of the irrigation system was improved to the level of accurate and precision irrigation, and achieved the aim of fetching water initiatively according to the needs of the crop and soil. Therefore, all of above characteristics are not only ensuring the supply of the suitable soil moisture during the normal growth of a crop, but also promoting the further development of an irrigation system application mode in the direction of more intelligence and more automation.