CAJ | 학술논문

研究水氮耦合对葡萄树光合、果实品质及产量变化的影响,对于发展葡萄产业具有科学指导意义.本研究利用 Li-6400便携式光合仪,在葡萄浆果成熟期对不同水分亏缺及施氮水平下的酿酒葡萄进行了光合日变化测定,同时对可溶性固形物及产量进行测定.结果表明,土壤水分亏缺会导致气孔导度、蒸腾速率及光合速率的下降,而施氮量的增加能消减下降趋势.低氮条件下,轻度和重度水分亏缺分别使葡萄产量降低32.2%和49.9%,使浆果可溶性固形物含量分别提高6.9%和13.9%;氮素充足条件下,尽管存在水分亏缺,但葡萄产量无显著降低,且浆果可溶性固形物含量提高16.2%.该研究对于认识葡萄水肥耦合关系、指导水肥管理实践提供了理论依据.
연구수담우합대포도수광합、과실품질급산량변화적영향,대우발전포도산업구유과학지도의의.본연구이용 Li-6400편휴식광합의,재포도장과성숙기대불동수분우결급시담수평하적양주포도진행료광합일변화측정,동시대가용성고형물급산량진행측정.결과표명,토양수분우결회도치기공도도、증등속솔급광합속솔적하강,이시담량적증가능소감하강추세.저담조건하,경도화중도수분우결분별사포도산량강저32.2%화49.9%,사장과가용성고형물함량분별제고6.9%화13.9%;담소충족조건하,진관존재수분우결,단포도산량무현저강저,차장과가용성고형물함량제고16.2%.해연구대우인식포도수비우합관계、지도수비관리실천제공료이론의거.
Photosynthates, the products as the source for plant dry matter accumulation, have a direct effect on plant growth and the formation of yield and grain quality. Soil water content and nitrogen concentration are the main factors which influence plant growth and dry matter accumulation. The study of grapevine photosynthetic characteristics, fruit quality and yield in desert oasis area, is of important significance for wine grape industry development. A field experiment was conducted during the wine grape growing season in Wuwei, China in 2010. The wine grape (Merlot) was planted in 1999 with 2 nitrogen fertilizerand 3 soil water content levels. The nitrogen treatments were HN (high nitrogen, 170 kg/ha) and LN (low nitrogen, 130 kg/ha), and the water treatments were CK ( 70% of the field capacity), M (55% of the field capacity) and L ( 40% of the field capacity). The diurnal dynamics of leaf photosynthetic rate was measured at sunny days during berry growth period (July 27th) and berry expansion period (August 26th) using a Li6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and leaf water use efficiency (WUE) were read and calculated. Meanwhile, the total soluble solid content and grape yield were also measured. The meteorological parameters (solar radiation (Ra), air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH)) were recorded for the whole grape growing period. The results showed that the diurnal cycles of leaf net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate appeared a "M" type under different water and nitrogen conditions, with an more obvious photosynthetic rate depression as soil water content decreasing. The lower soil water content would cause the decrease of stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate. The severe water deficit significantly reduced the leaf water use efficiency, and the moderate water deficit would improve the water use efficiency of wine grape. High nitrogen application could increase the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf photosynthetic capacity, so the plant drought resistance ability was enhanced and the water use efficiency was improved. The leaf water use efficiency was highest in the high nitrogen and moderate water deficit treatments. Under nitrogen deficiency conditions, moderate and severe water deficit would be increased the total soluble solid content by 6.9% and 13.9%, while the yield was decreased by 32.2% and 49.9%, respectively. And under sufficient nitrogen conditions, the berries soluble solid content of moderate and severe water deficit treatments were increased by 7.5% and 16.2% compared to the control, respectively, but no significant decrease of grape yield was observed. This research is meaningful for the understanding of water and fertilizer coupling of desert oasis area grape, providing a theoretical base for the wine grape water and nitrogen management in this area.