CAJ | 학술논문

为研究亏缺灌溉和施氮对小桐子幼树根区土壤硝态氮分布及水分利用的影响.采用4种供水水平(W1:100%ET(ET 为蒸散量);W2:80% W1;W3:60% W1;W4:40% W1)和3种施氮水平(N0:0;N1:0.4 g;N2:0.8 g).结果表明:在 W1、W2和 W3处理中表土层5 cm 处的土壤硝态氮质量分数均低于表土层10和15 cm处,而 W4处理中表土层5 cm 处的土壤硝态氮质量分数均高于表土层10和15 cm 处;W2处理的平均土壤硝态氮质量分数均低于 W1、W3和 W4处理.与 W1N2相比,节约灌溉量达10.7%时,W2N2处理的平均土壤含水率和硝态氮质量分数及蒸散量分别显著降低22.8%、12.1%和9.6%.而茎粗/株高和壮苗指数分别显著增加24.7%和27.6%,根系、冠层和总干物质质量分别显著增加22.3%、18.3%和19.2%,因此,W2N2处理的灌溉水利用效率和总水分利用效率分别显著增加36.6%和35.0%.可见,在节约灌溉用水的同时,采用 W2N2处理提高了小桐子的干物质质量、茎粗/株高和根冠比,而降低了土壤硝态氮质量分数和蒸散量,从而使得壮苗指数和水分利用效率显著提高.
위연구우결관개화시담대소동자유수근구토양초태담분포급수분이용적영향.채용4충공수수평(W1:100%ET(ET 위증산량);W2:80% W1;W3:60% W1;W4:40% W1)화3충시담수평(N0:0;N1:0.4 g;N2:0.8 g).결과표명:재 W1、W2화 W3처리중표토층5 cm 처적토양초태담질량분수균저우표토층10화15 cm처,이 W4처리중표토층5 cm 처적토양초태담질량분수균고우표토층10화15 cm 처;W2처리적평균토양초태담질량분수균저우 W1、W3화 W4처리.여 W1N2상비,절약관개량체10.7%시,W2N2처리적평균토양함수솔화초태담질량분수급증산량분별현저강저22.8%、12.1%화9.6%.이경조/주고화장묘지수분별현저증가24.7%화27.6%,근계、관층화총간물질질량분별현저증가22.3%、18.3%화19.2%,인차,W2N2처리적관개수이용효솔화총수분이용효솔분별현저증가36.6%화35.0%.가견,재절약관개용수적동시,채용 W2N2처리제고료소동자적간물질질량、경조/주고화근관비,이강저료토양초태담질량분수화증산량,종이사득장묘지수화수분이용효솔현저제고.
The demand for energy has risen rapidly due to increasing industrialization and modernization of the world, and the majority of energy is derived from fossil sources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas. However, alternative fuels from renewable feedstock provide alternatives to fossil fuels to solve the problems of the limited reserves of fossil fuel. Jatropha curcas L. has recently drawn the attention due to its tremendous potential as a biodiesel crop. A pot-grown experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil water content, soil nitrate-nitrogen(NO-3-N) distribution in root-zone, and evapo-transpiration quantity, dry mass accumulation, base stem diameter-plant height ratio, root-shoot ratio, healthy index and water use of young Jatropha curcas L. trees. Four irrigation levels (W1: 100%ET (ET:Evapo-transpiration); W2: 80% W1; W3: 60% W1; W4: 40% W1) and three added nitrogen levels (N0: 0; N1:0.4g N/kg; N2: 0.8g N/kg, respectively) were designed in the study. Results showed that the NO-3-N content in topsoil (0-5 cm) was less than that in 10 and 15 cm under W1, W2 and W3 treatment, respectively; the soil NO-3-N content of topsoil in 5 cm was higher than that in 10 and 15 cm under W4 treatment; the mean soil NO-3-N content under W2 treatment was lower than that under W1, W3 and W4 treatment. Compared to W1 treatment, W2 treatment significantly increased mean base stem diameter-plant height ratio and healthy index, and root, shoot and total dry mass of young Jatropha curcas L. trees, respectively. Meanwhile, W2 treatment significantly decreased mean evapotranspiration, and thus W2 treatment significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency of young Jatropha curcas L.trees. But W3 and W4 treatment significantly decreased mean irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency of young Jatropha curcas L.trees. Compared to N0, N2 treatment significantly increased mean healthy index, and root, shoot and total dry mass, irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency of young Jatropha curcas L.trees, respectively. And mean irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency of N2 treatment was higher than N1 treatment, respectively. Compared to W1N2 treatment, W2N2 treatment saved irrigation water by 10.7%, and decreased soil water content, soil NO-3-N content and evapo-transpiration quantity by 22.8%, 12.1% and 9.6%, respectively. However,W2N2 significantly increased base stem diameter-plant height ratio and healthy index of seedlings by 24.7% and 27.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to W1N2 treatment, W2N2 increased root, shoot and total dry mass accumulation by 22.3%, 18.3% and 19.2%, respectively, thus increased irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency of young Jatropha curcas L.trees by 36.6% and 35.0%, respectively. This research suggested that W2N2 treatment not only saved irrigation water, and decreased evapo-transpiration quantity, but increased dry mass accumulation, base stem diameter-plant height ratio, root-shoot ratio, thus W2N2 treatment improved healthy index of seedlings and water use efficiency of young Jatropha curcas L. trees.