CAJ | 학술논문

为有效保存高品质苜蓿干草探索一种新型防霉复合添加剂,该试验选择5个主要防霉及载体成分,每个成分设置4个不同浓度水平,利用正交试验设计 L16(45)进行防霉复合添加剂配方优化方案筛选.结果表明,硫酸钠和钠基膨润土为影响干草保存品质的2个主要影响因子;硫酸钾对提高干物质(dry matter,DM)和可溶性糖(water soluble carbohydrate,WSC),降低中洗纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸洗纤维(acid detergent fiber, ADF)效果最好;钠基膨润土明显改善了干草中粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)质量分数,是干草中 CP、非蛋白氮(non-protein nitrogen,NPN)、灰分 Ash 含量的主要影响因子;而亚硫酸钾和 a-淀粉酶对干草品质的改善作用相对次之;正交表试验设计结果分析表明,优化复合添加剂最优组合为硫酸钠35.51%,亚硫酸钾32.78%,硫酸钾1.64%,a-淀粉酶0.03%,钠基膨润土21.85%,葡萄糖8.19%.其添加后能够维持或提高高水分苜蓿干草贮藏后的干物质、粗蛋白、可溶性糖和灰分的含量,同时能够降低干草中中性洗涤纤维和非蛋白氮的含量.该组合添加剂在干草中的添加量为每吨干草添加1.15 kg,应用成本为每吨干草11.5元.
위유효보존고품질목숙간초탐색일충신형방매복합첨가제,해시험선택5개주요방매급재체성분,매개성분설치4개불동농도수평,이용정교시험설계 L16(45)진행방매복합첨가제배방우화방안사선.결과표명,류산납화납기팽윤토위영향간초보존품질적2개주요영향인자;류산갑대제고간물질(dry matter,DM)화가용성당(water soluble carbohydrate,WSC),강저중세섬유(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)화산세섬유(acid detergent fiber, ADF)효과최호;납기팽윤토명현개선료간초중조단백(crude protein,CP)질량분수,시간초중 CP、비단백담(non-protein nitrogen,NPN)、회분 Ash 함량적주요영향인자;이아류산갑화 a-정분매대간초품질적개선작용상대차지;정교표시험설계결과분석표명,우화복합첨가제최우조합위류산납35.51%,아류산갑32.78%,류산갑1.64%,a-정분매0.03%,납기팽윤토21.85%,포도당8.19%.기첨가후능구유지혹제고고수분목숙간초저장후적간물질、조단백、가용성당화회분적함량,동시능구강저간초중중성세조섬유화비단백담적함량.해조합첨가제재간초중적첨가량위매둔간초첨가1.15 kg,응용성본위매둔간초11.5원.
The study was conducted to screen the optimum formula of compound additive used for obtaining high quality alfalfa hay with high moisture by using orthogonal experimental design (L16(45) with 5 factors and 4 levels for each factor. The moisture of alfalfa hay at bundling was 72% to 73%. Five components (factors) of Na2SO4, K2SO3, K2SO4, a-amylase, and sodium bentonite were used in this study. The application levels for Na2SO4 were 6, 9, 13, and 18 g/25 kg hay; K2SO3 were 1, 4, 8, and 12 g/25 kg hay; K2SO4 were 0.2, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.6 g/25 kg hay; a-amylase were 0.01, 0.05, 1, and 1.5 g/25 kg hay; and sodium bentonite were 2, 4, 8 and 12 g/25 kg hay. In addition, in order to improve the palatability of alfalfa hay, 3g/25 kg forage of glucose was added into each compound additive treatment. All the components were applied according to the schedule of the orthogonal experimental design at baling stage of alfalfa hay, and the bales were stored for 60 d. After storage, forage samples were obtained from each treatment and used for the analysis of the effects of each component and their combination on the stored forage quality. The results showed that Na2SO4 and sodium bentonite were the two major factors influencing the quality of stored alfalfa hay; Na2SO4 could influence most chemical components of alfalfa hay, such as water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and non-protein N; K2SO4 played an important role in improving forage dry matter (DM), WSC, NDF and ADF;whereas, K2SO3 and a-amylase were not as good as K2SO4 in improving the quality of alfalfa hay. Sodium bentonite could improve the crude protein content in alfalfa hay and was the major factor that affected the contents of crude protein, non-protein N and ash in alfalfa hay. Based on the analysis of results from orthogonal experimental design, the optimum additive formula was comprised by 35.51% Na2SO4, 32.78% K2SO3, 1.64%K2SO4, 0.03% a-amylase, 21.85% sodium bentonite, and 8.19% glucose. Application of this compound additive at bundling of alfalfa hay with high moisture could maintain or increase the DM, CP, WSC and ash contents of the hay; and decrease the NDF, ADF and non-protein N in alfalfa hay after 60 d of storage. The application rate of this kind of compound additive was suggested to be 1.5 kg per ton of hay, and it will cost 10 to 15 RMB per ton of hay.