CAJ | 학술논문

商品化分级处理是水果采后一系列加工和增值流程的组合,是水果供应链的关键环节.基于机器视觉和近红外检测技术的自动化水果加工分级流水线不仅极大提高了处理效率,而且使单个果品的精确品质检测成为可能.该文以中国代表性的水果—脐橙为例,探讨了以水果加工配送中心为核心的水果供应链中物流批次整合与分解问题、加工分级处理前后物流单元转换问题及供应链各实体间物流信息流脱节问题,有针对性地提出一套脐橙全程追溯方案,包括结合中国目前水果生产实际并与GS1编码体系兼容的编码和标识方案、基于供应链角色的信息管理系统和相关配套硬件装置,并在浙江某果品公司供应链进行了试用,结果表明系统可以成功区分脐橙的生产、加工、流通的不同批次并获取全程追溯信息,但存在信息输入量大及不规范的问题.研究对复杂供应链流程下小个体水果全程批次可追溯作了尝试和探索,为包含加工分级流程的水果全程追溯研究提供参考.
상품화분급처리시수과채후일계렬가공화증치류정적조합,시수과공응련적관건배절.기우궤기시각화근홍외검측기술적자동화수과가공분급류수선불부겁대제고료처리효솔,이차사단개과품적정학품질검측성위가능.해문이중국대표성적수과—제등위례,탐토료이수과가공배송중심위핵심적수과공응련중물류비차정합여분해문제、가공분급처리전후물류단원전환문제급공응련각실체간물류신식류탈절문제,유침대성지제출일투제등전정추소방안,포괄결합중국목전수과생산실제병여GS1편마체계겸용적편마화표식방안、기우공응련각색적신식관리계통화상관배투경건장치,병재절강모과품공사공응련진행료시용,결과표명계통가이성공구분제등적생산、가공、류통적불동비차병획취전정추소신식,단존재신식수입량대급불규범적문제.연구대복잡공응련류정하소개체수과전정비차가추소작료상시화탐색,위포함가공분급류정적수과전정추소연구제공삼고.
In recent years, traceability system for quality and safety of agri-products is widely promoted all over the world. As the biggest country of fruit production in the world, China has a lot of fruit production and sale areas dispersed throughout the country and far from each other. It is widespread that stock fruit inter-provincially and cross-regionally, so the sources of fruit are complicated. Making fruits traceable along the whole supply chain is of great significance. In China, many researches are more concentrated on the simple ideal supply chain model, which transports fruits to the market directly following cultivating, harvesting and simple packaging procedures. It focuses on the producing procedures in large-scale agricultural cooperatives and product enterprises. Relatively, postharvest commercialization processes like grading, processing as well as logistics procedure are seldom covered. @@@@Fruit postharvest processing and grading procedure, which is the key proceeding of fruit supply chain, is a series combination of process and increment. Based on machine vision and near infrared technologies, the fruit automated commercialization and grading line is capable of promoting the efficiency greatly and accurately determining the quality of single fruit. @@@@Navel orange is a kind of representative fruit produced in China. Base on the comprehensive analysis of all the procedures and trace information along the navel orange supply chain, three factors give a significant impact on whether the small fruits like navel orange can be traceable along the whole supply chain. A detailed description of each factor is as follows: Firstly, the integration and decomposition of the supply chain logistics batch;Secondly, the conversion of the logistics unit before and after fruit commercial processing stage treatment;Third, the disruption and unsynchronized of logistics flow and information flow between the different entities along the supply chain. @@@@This paper presents a whole solution to achieve navel orange batch traceable along the whole supply chain. It includes three parts:information binding, information collection and information utilization. It consists of three systems: coding and identification system, traceability information management system and related supporting hardware devices. A detailed coding scheme is given in this study, which takes the current fruit production practical situation in China into account and is compatible with GS1 coding system. With reference to the GS1 system coding elements, we define the planting batch number, harvesting batch number, circulation code of the fruit boxes, circulation code of the assemblage and traceability code (both internal and external). The design of proper marking system to bind traceability information with corresponding logistics unit is the key step to achieve the navel orange full traceability. Due to the difficulty of identifying the navel orange individually, the smallest package of navel orange is defined as the traceable unit. In order to prevent mixing during postharvest commercialization process, navel orange boxes from the same harvest batch must be assembled with pallets before processing and the navel orange of one processing batch must be from the same harvest batch. According to the designed coding scheme, navel orange box label, assemblage label and traceability label are designed with one dimension 39 barcode and two dimension QR barcode correspondingly. Traceability information management system is developed according to different roles of the various entities in the supply chain, which is mainly divided into five parts: orchard sub-system, fruit processing and distribution center sub-system, supermarket sub-system, system management module and information searching module. Base on the B/S multi-layers framework, the whole system is carried out with C# language on the .NET platform. @@@@Nowadays the whole traceability solution is applied and demonstrated in a fruit processing and distributing center and its supply chain in Zhejiang province. The result shows that the solution can successfully make navel orange batch traceable along the whole supply chain with complicated procedures. But nearly 50% traceability information need more normalized and traceability precision is still need to be improved.