CAJ | 학술논문

农牧交错带不同带状间套作不但是一种高产高效的生产技术,而且还是一种冬春季节防风固沙的生态保护措施.研究间套作对作物干物质积累过程和产量的影响,对于合理利用间套作技术提高土地生产力和改善生态环境有重要意义.该研究从2009年到2011年在内蒙古武川县进行大田试验,通过地上部干物质质量随大于0℃有效积温增长的指数线性(expolinear)关系对不同作物间作和单作的地上部干物质增长动态进行拟合,量化了间作模式下作物的生长速率的变化和生长与发育延缓的程度.采用土地当量比(land equivalent ratio,LER)研究了农牧交错带几种典型间作模式的土地生产力.结果表明:向日葵/马铃薯、莜麦/马铃薯和莜麦/豆类大带宽(2 m:2 m带宽)间作具有显著的产量优势,基于经济产量的土地当量比LER分别为1.12、1.09和1.05,说明间作能提高土地生产力5%~12%.窄带宽模式(1 m:1 m带宽)间作优势小于大带宽模式,而且年际间的变幅较大.间作显著提高了向日葵收获指数,对其他作物收获指数的影响不显著.间作中高秆作物如莜麦在莜麦和豆类的间作中具有显著的边行优势.间作和单作相比,显著降低了作物最大生长速率(cm);但相对生长速率 rm和单作的差异不显著;在间作中,矮秆作物(马铃薯和箭舌豌豆)的生长进程都有不同程度的延缓,到达冠层最大盖度时所需的有效积温比单作多117~387℃·d,考虑到试验区作物生长季内的日平均温度为15℃左右,这2种间作作物的生长延缓了约8~26d.总体来讲,农牧交错带的这几种典型带状间作种植模式都具有一定的间作产量优势和更高的经济效益,特别是大带宽间作模式,间作优势较为明显,而且还能降低农业生产的气候和市场风险.
농목교착대불동대상간투작불단시일충고산고효적생산기술,이차환시일충동춘계절방풍고사적생태보호조시.연구간투작대작물간물질적루과정화산량적영향,대우합리이용간투작기술제고토지생산력화개선생태배경유중요의의.해연구종2009년도2011년재내몽고무천현진행대전시험,통과지상부간물질질량수대우0℃유효적온증장적지수선성(expolinear)관계대불동작물간작화단작적지상부간물질증장동태진행의합,양화료간작모식하작물적생장속솔적변화화생장여발육연완적정도.채용토지당량비(land equivalent ratio,LER)연구료농목교착대궤충전형간작모식적토지생산력.결과표명:향일규/마령서、조맥/마령서화조맥/두류대대관(2 m:2 m대관)간작구유현저적산량우세,기우경제산량적토지당량비LER분별위1.12、1.09화1.05,설명간작능제고토지생산력5%~12%.착대관모식(1 m:1 m대관)간작우세소우대대관모식,이차년제간적변폭교대.간작현저제고료향일규수획지수,대기타작물수획지수적영향불현저.간작중고간작물여조맥재조맥화두류적간작중구유현저적변행우세.간작화단작상비,현저강저료작물최대생장속솔(cm);단상대생장속솔 rm화단작적차이불현저;재간작중,왜간작물(마령서화전설완두)적생장진정도유불동정도적연완,도체관층최대개도시소수적유효적온비단작다117~387℃·d,고필도시험구작물생장계내적일평균온도위15℃좌우,저2충간작작물적생장연완료약8~26d.총체래강,농목교착대적저궤충전형대상간작충식모식도구유일정적간작산량우세화경고적경제효익,특별시대대관간작모식,간작우세교위명현,이차환능강저농업생산적기후화시장풍험.
Strip intercropping system is not only a technique that achieves high productivity but also an important practice to protect winter and spring wind erosion in Agro-pastoral ecotone. Dry matter accumulation process and yield advantage of intercropping are vital indicators for exploration of intercropping performance and assessing the environmental benefit. This study is aiming to quantify crop growth, yield and land productivity in typical intercropping systems in agro-pastoral ecotone. An expolinear relationship between biomass growth and heat sum of above 0℃temperature was fitted for different crops in the inter-and mono-cropping systems. The regression parameters were used to quantify the delay of crop growth in the intercropping. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was used to explain land productivity and over-yielding of the intercropping systems. The main results showed that sunflower/potato, oats/potato and oats/bean strip intercropping systems with wider width of strips (e.g. 2m:2m intercropping) significantly increased land productivity with yield land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.12, 1.09 and 1.05, respectively, which means 5%to 12%of the land productivity increasing. Intercropping yield advantages were significantly higher in the wider strip intercropping systems than that with narrower ones (1 m:1 m intercropping), and had a less yearly variation. The harvest index (HI) of sunflower was significantly increased in intercropping, while that for other crops were significantly changed. A border row effect was clearly found in the oat based intercropping systems. The border rowers had a significantly higher yield compare to middle rows in the intercrops and sole oats. Strip intercropping decreased the maximum growth rate cm, while the relative growth rate rm stayed as the same as the monoculture. The growth delay of crops in the intercrops was quantified by using the parameter tb, which indicated the thermal time requirement at the time of reaching maximum canopy cover. The growth of five species in the intercropping systems, e.g. sunflower, potato, oats, faba bean and vetch, were delayed 117 to 387 degree days compared to that of monocultures, which resulted 8-26 d of growth delay when we took the daily average temperature (15℃) into accounts. All in all, Strip intercropping systems not only have over-yielding effects and higher economic benefits, especially in intercropping systems with wider strips, but also reduce the agricultural risks in the agro-pastoral ecotone climatically and economically.