CAJ | 학술논문

该文针对船载扇贝的保鲜问题,调查了黄海冷水团在獐子岛集团股份有限公司确权海域的变化,提出了利用养殖海域底层海水保鲜虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)的方式.通过对捕贝作业船保鲜方式的研究,设计了底层冷海水提取系统,并进行了实船改造试验得出以下结论:提取底层冷海水保鲜可使捕捞上来的虾夷扇贝更接近其长期生存的海底环境,减少温度及盐度波动对虾夷扇贝鲜活度的影响,使扇贝缩边及死亡率显著降低;同时底层海水提取系统具有投资小、改造容易及耗能低等优势,改造费用仅为安装制冷机组费用的1/6,耗能仅为制冷装置的1/24,对于受舱室限制而无法安装制冷机组的扇贝采捕船,可以在不占用大量空间的前提下进行改造,对于扇贝运输船可以利用冷水团对扇贝进行保鲜,可大量减少耗能,提高虾夷扇贝鲜活度,符合绿色环保企业发展需求.
해문침대선재선패적보선문제,조사료황해랭수단재장자도집단고빈유한공사학권해역적변화,제출료이용양식해역저층해수보선하이선패(Patinopecten yessoensis)적방식.통과대포패작업선보선방식적연구,설계료저층랭해수제취계통,병진행료실선개조시험득출이하결론:제취저층랭해수보선가사포로상래적하이선패경접근기장기생존적해저배경,감소온도급염도파동대하이선패선활도적영향,사선패축변급사망솔현저강저;동시저층해수제취계통구유투자소、개조용역급모능저등우세,개조비용부위안장제랭궤조비용적1/6,모능부위제랭장치적1/24,대우수창실한제이무법안장제랭궤조적선패채포선,가이재불점용대량공간적전제하진행개조,대우선패운수선가이이용랭수단대선패진행보선,가대량감소모능,제고하이선패선활도,부합록색배보기업발전수구.
Most of Dalian Zhangzidao sea area is influenced by the Yellow Sea cold water mass, which has the characteristics of low temperature and high salt. By analyzing and investigating the refrigeration and fresh-keeping mode of fishing vessels and the cold water mass of the working sea area, a new type of high efficiency fresh-keeping and energy-saving mode was designed. In this mode, the bottom cold seawater is pumped into vessels to be used for freshness of Patinopecten yessoensis when transporting them or fishing for them. A test was be made to prove that the mode is reasonable. @@@@The research showed that scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) with an average shell length: (11±2) cm and an average mass:(10±10) g were collected from the Dalian Zhangzidao sea area. Seawater was pumped from -1m and-25m depths of the Dalian Zhangzidao sea area to be used as experimental seawater. The design mode which was used to pump the bottom cold seawater was installed in the Liao Chang Yu Yun18009 transport ship. The experiment was conducted in ten areas and lasted four months. An insulation board which was 200 mm thickness was used to separate living seawater cabin in three test cabins. Each cabin capacity was 8m3, 80 boxes (510 mm×360 mm×265 mm) per cabin and 15 kg scallops per box. The seawater of-1m depth was pumped to cover the fresh scallops in the first cabin. The second cabin, which had-1m surface seawater 6h put inside in advance, was connected to a refrigeration device. Then the seawater was refrigerated for 6~8 hours until the temperature had gone down to 10-15℃. The-25 m depth seawater was pumped over fresh scallops in the third cabin with no need to refrigerate. Ten boxes were randomly selected from three cabins and checked for the rates of outer mantle shrink and mortality of the scallops after seven hours. @@@@The results showed that -1m surface seawater fresh-keeping scallops is less effective and that the resulting outer mantle shrink and mortality of scallops are serious and represent a trend from June to September. The effect of pumping -25m seawater on fresh scallops is better than refrigeration in June, and not significantly different from refrigeration from July to September. Total energy consumption from pumping-25m bottom seawater is 80kW.h on fresh scallops, but refrigerating surface seawater needs 1923.2 kW·h. The consumption of energy from refrigeration is about 24 times greater than that of pumping bottom seawater. Installation of a refrigeration unit costs about ninety thousand yuan, but installation of the mode of pumping bottom seawater requires fifteen thousand yuan. The cost of installing a refrigeration unit is six times greater than the cost of a device for pumping bottom seawater. @@@@Pumping bottom seawater to fresh can improve the vividness of scallops. It also has advantages in only requiring a small investment, providing an easy transformation and energy saving. Basically, transformation takes up less space for a scallops capture ship which is cabin restricted and unable to set up an efficient refrigeration unit. A scallop refrigerated carrier can take full advantage of the cold water mass to keep scallops fresh. It is able to significantly reduce energy consumption, and ensure the scallops vividness. This method meets the development needs of green industry.