CAJ | 학술논문

美国在培育战略性新兴产业方面卓有成效,这与其恰当的政策扶持密不可分,生物医药产业即是一个很典型的例证.二十世纪90年代后期以来,美国生物医药产业进入繁荣发展阶段,政府主导的制度供给和制度变迁是促成其繁荣的根本原因.首先,美国政府建立了基于政府基金的基础研究投资制度,巩固知识基础;其次,适时修改管制制度,促进知识产业化;再次,改革卫生保健制度,扩大市场需求.这一系列制度变革,从根本上解决了制约生物医药产业发展的几个关键性难题,为其发展营造了有利的制度环境.美国通过政府提供制度供给促进新兴产业发展的成功经验对我国有重要的启示和借鉴意义.
미국재배육전략성신흥산업방면탁유성효,저여기흡당적정책부지밀불가분,생물의약산업즉시일개흔전형적예증.이십세기90년대후기이래,미국생물의약산업진입번영발전계단,정부주도적제도공급화제도변천시촉성기번영적근본원인.수선,미국정부건립료기우정부기금적기출연구투자제도,공고지식기출;기차,괄시수개관제제도,촉진지식산업화;재차,개혁위생보건제도,확대시장수구.저일계렬제도변혁,종근본상해결료제약생물의약산업발전적궤개관건성난제,위기발전영조료유리적제도배경.미국통과정부제공제도공급촉진신흥산업발전적성공경험대아국유중요적계시화차감의의.
Biotechnology industry in the United States has been booming since 1990s. Institutional factors are the fundamental factors that contributed to the boom of U.S. bio-pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the U.S. government has been a main investor through the system of NIH which consolidates the knowledge base. Secondly, the U.S. government changes their control system to facilitate the transfer of the knowledge into products that resulted from federally funded research. Thirdly, the U.S. government re-formed the health care system to expand market demand. Through a series of institutional supply, the U.S. government solved some key problems which constrained the develop-ment of bio-pharmaceutical industry, and created a favorable institutional environment. The successful experience of the United States provides an important reference for the development of strategic industries in China.