水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2013年
1期
1-9
,共9页
黄河下游%复式河道%滩槽分流%滩槽治理
黃河下遊%複式河道%灘槽分流%灘槽治理
황하하유%복식하도%탄조분류%탄조치리
Lower Yellow River%compound channel%separated discharge%harnessing of floodplain and main channel
采用实测资料分析和理论探讨相结合的方法,研究了黄河下游复式河道滩槽分流特征及其主要影响因素.研究结果表明:1986年后,河道萎缩,相同洪水流量下,主槽分流比有所减小,滩地分流比有所增大;1999年后,小浪底水库蓄水拦沙运用,下游河道持续冲刷,主槽过流能力有所恢复,主槽分流比必然有所增大.运用回归分析方法,建立了黄河下游复式河道滩槽分流比与滩槽过水宽度比、过水深度比、过水面积比、流速比、糙率比和主槽宽深比的单因素响应关系和多因素综合关系,在此基础上提出,定量方面,可运用多因素综合关系式依据未来滩槽6项单因素大小对黄河下游复式河道滩槽分流比进行预测;定性方面,在黄河下游滩槽治理过程中,应注意维持主槽一定的平滩流量和较为窄深的断面形态;注意给滩地留出一定的行洪宽度,在必要的行洪宽度内,尽量减少人类活动对滩地的影响,保持滩地畅通的过水通道,保证滩地相应的过洪能力,减轻河道行洪压力,从而达到确保全断面行洪安全的目的.
採用實測資料分析和理論探討相結閤的方法,研究瞭黃河下遊複式河道灘槽分流特徵及其主要影響因素.研究結果錶明:1986年後,河道萎縮,相同洪水流量下,主槽分流比有所減小,灘地分流比有所增大;1999年後,小浪底水庫蓄水攔沙運用,下遊河道持續遲刷,主槽過流能力有所恢複,主槽分流比必然有所增大.運用迴歸分析方法,建立瞭黃河下遊複式河道灘槽分流比與灘槽過水寬度比、過水深度比、過水麵積比、流速比、糙率比和主槽寬深比的單因素響應關繫和多因素綜閤關繫,在此基礎上提齣,定量方麵,可運用多因素綜閤關繫式依據未來灘槽6項單因素大小對黃河下遊複式河道灘槽分流比進行預測;定性方麵,在黃河下遊灘槽治理過程中,應註意維持主槽一定的平灘流量和較為窄深的斷麵形態;註意給灘地留齣一定的行洪寬度,在必要的行洪寬度內,儘量減少人類活動對灘地的影響,保持灘地暢通的過水通道,保證灘地相應的過洪能力,減輕河道行洪壓力,從而達到確保全斷麵行洪安全的目的.
채용실측자료분석화이론탐토상결합적방법,연구료황하하유복식하도탄조분류특정급기주요영향인소.연구결과표명:1986년후,하도위축,상동홍수류량하,주조분류비유소감소,탄지분류비유소증대;1999년후,소랑저수고축수란사운용,하유하도지속충쇄,주조과류능력유소회복,주조분류비필연유소증대.운용회귀분석방법,건립료황하하유복식하도탄조분류비여탄조과수관도비、과수심도비、과수면적비、류속비、조솔비화주조관심비적단인소향응관계화다인소종합관계,재차기출상제출,정량방면,가운용다인소종합관계식의거미래탄조6항단인소대소대황하하유복식하도탄조분류비진행예측;정성방면,재황하하유탄조치리과정중,응주의유지주조일정적평탄류량화교위착심적단면형태;주의급탄지류출일정적행홍관도,재필요적행홍관도내,진량감소인류활동대탄지적영향,보지탄지창통적과수통도,보증탄지상응적과홍능력,감경하도행홍압력,종이체도학보전단면행홍안전적목적.
Using the methods of field data analyses and theoretical study, the separated discharge and its influencing factors is researched in the Lower Yellow River. The results show that since 1986,the channel atrophied and the separated discharge ratio of main channel have decreased,and the separated discharge ra?tio of floodplain increased. After 1999, due to the sluice exercise of Xiaolangdi reservoir, the Lower Yel?low River scours,the passing discharge capability of main channel resume in a certain extent and the sepa?rated discharge ratio of main channel are increased,and meanwhile,the separated discharge ratio of flood?plain decreased. Via establishing the relationship of the separated discharge ratio and the width,depth,ar?ea,velocity,roughness and configuration of floodplain and main channel,advices are brought forward. Dur?ing the harnessing of the Lower Yellow River, a certain extent passing discharge capability and narrow deep configuration of main channel should be maintained;a certain extent passing discharge width of flood?plain should be set aside,the influencing of human should be reduced in floodplain,keeping the straight?way of passing discharge of floodplain, guaranteeing the passing discharge capability of floodplain, lighten?ing the press of main channel and insuring the safety of control flood.
