CAJ | 학술논문

能量是生态系统过程的趋动力,系统内的一切生命活动都伴随着能量转化与传递;因此,生态系统发展过程中的热力学普遍规律是生态学与生物物理学长期以来共同的研究焦点.源于热力学的生态?(Eco-exergy)理论是当前生态系统自组织研究过程中较流行的目标函数,已被广泛用于湿地和水生生态系统等的研究中,森林生态系统研究中案例匮乏.本研究运用生态?(Eco-exergy)理论方法,量化分析了鹤山红木荷 Schima wallichii 人工群落12~27龄间的结构发展动态,探讨了生态?理论在森林研究中的应用.同时,为更好地表征物种的群落热力学地位,构建并使用了群落生态?贡献率(PC)和冠层生态?贡献率(PL)两个新指标,丰富了森林系统生态?的计算方法.结果显示,15年间,红木荷群落生态?和结构?(Specific Eco-exergy)均波动上升,群落结构趋于有序;群落乔-灌-草层热力学结构发展不同步,但互有影响.拥有巨大生物量的乔木层和遗传信息较丰富的草本层分别在生态?和结构?中占据较大比重,两者在群落结构的稳定和复杂性的发展与维系中发挥着重要作用.先锋种红木荷的生长增加了林内荫庇度,促使林下结构向“耐阴种占优”的方向转变,但其自我更新受阻,而区域森林演替后期优势树种亦未能自然进驻,阻滞了群落的演替发展和结构健康水平的进一步提升;建议人为引入锥栗Castanopsis chinensis、荷木 Schima superba、厚壳桂 Cryptocarya chinensis、云南银柴 Aporusa yunanensis 等进行林份改造,加速系统演替与结构有序化进程.
능량시생태계통과정적추동력,계통내적일절생명활동도반수착능량전화여전체;인차,생태계통발전과정중적열역학보편규률시생태학여생물물이학장기이래공동적연구초점.원우열역학적생태?(Eco-exergy)이론시당전생태계통자조직연구과정중교류행적목표함수,이피엄범용우습지화수생생태계통등적연구중,삼림생태계통연구중안례궤핍.본연구운용생태?(Eco-exergy)이론방법,양화분석료학산홍목하 Schima wallichii 인공군락12~27령간적결구발전동태,탐토료생태?이론재삼림연구중적응용.동시,위경호지표정물충적군락열역학지위,구건병사용료군락생태?공헌솔(PC)화관층생태?공헌솔(PL)량개신지표,봉부료삼림계통생태?적계산방법.결과현시,15년간,홍목하군락생태?화결구?(Specific Eco-exergy)균파동상승,군락결구추우유서;군락교-관-초층열역학결구발전불동보,단호유영향.옹유거대생물량적교목층화유전신식교봉부적초본층분별재생태?화결구?중점거교대비중,량자재군락결구적은정화복잡성적발전여유계중발휘착중요작용.선봉충홍목하적생장증가료림내음비도,촉사림하결구향“내음충점우”적방향전변,단기자아경신수조,이구역삼림연체후기우세수충역미능자연진주,조체료군락적연체발전화결구건강수평적진일보제승;건의인위인입추률Castanopsis chinensis、하목 Schima superba、후각계 Cryptocarya chinensis、운남은시 Aporusa yunanensis 등진행림빈개조,가속계통연체여결구유서화진정.
Energy is the driving force of all kinds of processes in or across ecosystems, and all vital actions are companied with energy transform and transfer. Thus, it is a long-term hot issue in both ecology and biophysics research areas to explore the thermodynamic rules behind ecosystem development. Eco-exergy, as one of the most popular goal functions derived from thermodynamic theories, has been applied successfully in evaluating the organization level of wetlands and aquatic ecosystems, but the application of it in forest ecosystems is still at the beginning stage. In this paper, the eco-exergy theory was used to quantify the structure dynamics of Schima wallichii plantation in Heshan from 12 to 27 years old. Considering one species of different growth stages may appear in different upright layers in forest community, we put forward two new indices to calculate the proportions of species’ eco-exergy at community and layer level, namely Pc and PL, and applied successfully in the analysis of species’ thermodynamic status in community. The results showed that both eco-exergy and specific eco-exergy of the plantation were kept increasing with fluctuations during the 15 years under study, which meant the community was developing towards a higher and higher stability and complexity. There is a desynchrony development of different canopy layers, i.e. tree, shrub and herb layers, and their tight interactions. Trees with huge biomass and herbs with rich genetic information are respectively main contributors to eco-exergy and specific eco-exergy. Both of them play an important role in the development and maintenance of the thermodynamic structure of the community. The growth of pioneer species, i.e. Schima wallichii, efficiently increased the canopy density and promoted the domination of shade-tolerant species in understory structure. However, the regeneration of Schima wallichii was hampered, and the other dominant species of late succession stage at tree layer is absence too, all these limited further succession and health improvement of the community. Some species such as Castanopsis sfissa, Schima superba, Cryptocarya chinensis and Aporusa yunanensis were suggested to be interplant into the community to speed up the succession and structure organization of the community.