生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2012年
11期
1870-1874
,共5页
李胜男%崔丽娟%宋洪涛%张岩%高常军%郭嘉%韦玮%赵欣胜%张曼胤%王义飞%李伟
李勝男%崔麗娟%宋洪濤%張巖%高常軍%郭嘉%韋瑋%趙訢勝%張曼胤%王義飛%李偉
리성남%최려연%송홍도%장암%고상군%곽가%위위%조흔성%장만윤%왕의비%리위
湿地植物%湿地土壤%植株氮吸收率%植株磷吸收率%氮去除率%磷去除率
濕地植物%濕地土壤%植株氮吸收率%植株燐吸收率%氮去除率%燐去除率
습지식물%습지토양%식주담흡수솔%식주린흡수솔%담거제솔%린거제솔
wetland plant%wetland soil%absorption ratio%removal efficiency
湿地植物是湿地的重要组成部分,也是决定湿地降解污染物、发挥净化功能的决定性因素之一.选取黄花鸢尾、睡莲和芦苇作为研究对象,采用野外氮、磷控制试验对植物吸收和去除土壤氮、磷能力进行了比较研究.结果表明:不同湿地植物的净增生物量差异较大,变化范围在12.81~119.43 g·m-2之间,其中黄花鸢尾净增生物量最大,芦苇最小;3种湿地植物地上部分植株氮、磷吸收率差异明显,对氮、磷的吸收贡献率分别在23.96%~41.86%和2.18%~12.73%之间,其中睡莲的氮、磷吸收贡献率最大;3种湿地植物土壤氮、磷去除率也有明显的差异,分别在12.20%~45.28%和33.3%~52.56%之间,土壤氮的去除率由高到低依次是黄花鸢尾、睡莲、芦苇,土壤磷的去除率依次是黄花鸢尾、芦苇、睡莲,3种湿地植物对土壤磷的去除效果要优于对土壤氮的去除效果.对土壤氮、磷去除率与湿地植物净增生物量、植株氮、磷含量、植物氮、磷吸收率的相关分析表明,湿地植物的净增生物量是决定湿地植物土壤氮、磷净化能力的一个重要因素.因此,在选择利用湿地植物的净化功能时,应优先考虑去除率高的植物种,从通过收割植物去除氮、磷的角度看,植物地上部分植株氮、磷含量越高越有利于通过收割植物去除氮、磷,可以大大提高净化效果,以达到净化的目的.本研究为进一步揭示湿地植物对过剩营养物质的净化机理奠定基础,为湿地生态恢复植物筛选工程提供科学依据,对湿地保护与恢复具有重要的指导意义.
濕地植物是濕地的重要組成部分,也是決定濕地降解汙染物、髮揮淨化功能的決定性因素之一.選取黃花鳶尾、睡蓮和蘆葦作為研究對象,採用野外氮、燐控製試驗對植物吸收和去除土壤氮、燐能力進行瞭比較研究.結果錶明:不同濕地植物的淨增生物量差異較大,變化範圍在12.81~119.43 g·m-2之間,其中黃花鳶尾淨增生物量最大,蘆葦最小;3種濕地植物地上部分植株氮、燐吸收率差異明顯,對氮、燐的吸收貢獻率分彆在23.96%~41.86%和2.18%~12.73%之間,其中睡蓮的氮、燐吸收貢獻率最大;3種濕地植物土壤氮、燐去除率也有明顯的差異,分彆在12.20%~45.28%和33.3%~52.56%之間,土壤氮的去除率由高到低依次是黃花鳶尾、睡蓮、蘆葦,土壤燐的去除率依次是黃花鳶尾、蘆葦、睡蓮,3種濕地植物對土壤燐的去除效果要優于對土壤氮的去除效果.對土壤氮、燐去除率與濕地植物淨增生物量、植株氮、燐含量、植物氮、燐吸收率的相關分析錶明,濕地植物的淨增生物量是決定濕地植物土壤氮、燐淨化能力的一箇重要因素.因此,在選擇利用濕地植物的淨化功能時,應優先攷慮去除率高的植物種,從通過收割植物去除氮、燐的角度看,植物地上部分植株氮、燐含量越高越有利于通過收割植物去除氮、燐,可以大大提高淨化效果,以達到淨化的目的.本研究為進一步揭示濕地植物對過剩營養物質的淨化機理奠定基礎,為濕地生態恢複植物篩選工程提供科學依據,對濕地保護與恢複具有重要的指導意義.
습지식물시습지적중요조성부분,야시결정습지강해오염물、발휘정화공능적결정성인소지일.선취황화연미、수련화호위작위연구대상,채용야외담、린공제시험대식물흡수화거제토양담、린능력진행료비교연구.결과표명:불동습지식물적정증생물량차이교대,변화범위재12.81~119.43 g·m-2지간,기중황화연미정증생물량최대,호위최소;3충습지식물지상부분식주담、린흡수솔차이명현,대담、린적흡수공헌솔분별재23.96%~41.86%화2.18%~12.73%지간,기중수련적담、린흡수공헌솔최대;3충습지식물토양담、린거제솔야유명현적차이,분별재12.20%~45.28%화33.3%~52.56%지간,토양담적거제솔유고도저의차시황화연미、수련、호위,토양린적거제솔의차시황화연미、호위、수련,3충습지식물대토양린적거제효과요우우대토양담적거제효과.대토양담、린거제솔여습지식물정증생물량、식주담、린함량、식물담、린흡수솔적상관분석표명,습지식물적정증생물량시결정습지식물토양담、린정화능력적일개중요인소.인차,재선택이용습지식물적정화공능시,응우선고필거제솔고적식물충,종통과수할식물거제담、린적각도간,식물지상부분식주담、린함량월고월유리우통과수할식물거제담、린,가이대대제고정화효과,이체도정화적목적.본연구위진일보게시습지식물대과잉영양물질적정화궤리전정기출,위습지생태회복식물사선공정제공과학의거,대습지보호여회복구유중요적지도의의.
Wetland plants are very important component of wetlands; these plants are necessary for the degradation of pollutants and water/soil purification. In this paper, three aquatic plants (i.e. Iris wilsonii, Nymphaea tetragona, and Phragmites australiss) were chosen to compare the diversity on nutrition absorption and soil nitrogen and phosphorus purification capacity based on field control test. The results showed that net accumulated biomass varied intensively among different wetland plants, which ranged from 12.81 to 119.43g?m-2, with the highest biomass of Iris wilsonii and lowest of Phragmites australiss. Besides, the absorption rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in the above vegetations changed from 23.96%~41.86% and 2.18%~12.73% respectively with the highest uptake ratio of Nymphaea tetragona. Furthermore, obvious discrepancy (i.e. 12.20%~45.28% and 33.30%~52.56% respectively) was calculated in soil nitrogen and phosphorus decomposition ratio under different wetland plants. Consequently Iris wilsonii was having the highest calculated decomposition ratio of soil nitrogen and phosphorus. Similarly Phragmites australiss was having the lowest decomposition ratio of soil nitrogen, whereas Nymphaea tetragona was found lowest in the decomposition ratio of soil phosphorus. Overall, the removal of soil phosphorus from three plants was found superior to that of soil nitrogen. Therefore, species with higher removal ratio would be considered superior in the use of purification capacity. In addition, the higher percent of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ground surface plants seemed better for removing them when reaping, which was beneficial for purification to some extent. Moreover, it is useful to reveal the purification mechanism of surplus nutrient from wetland plants, and provide scientific reference for wetland restoration and plant screening projects, which is also significant for wetland protection and restoration.
