CAJ | 학술논문

尾矿砂是一种重金属含量高、有机质极其贫乏极难治理的矿业废弃地类型,对其进行人工植被恢复过程中植物对尾矿砂土壤酶活性和重金属存在形态的影响是评价人工植被恢复对其土壤改良作用的重要因子.马蔺作为一种铅超积累植物对铅尾矿砂土壤改良效应还不清楚.为此,采集南京栖霞山铅锌矿区尾矿库土样进行马蔺盆栽试验,通过测定土壤铅形态和土壤脲酶、过氧化物酶和转化酶活性研究了种植马蔺对铅尾砂土壤不同酶活性以及土壤铅形态转化的影响.结果表明,与对照园土相比,尾砂中脲酶和转化酶活性极低,过氧化物酶活性较高,种植马蔺均促使对照园土和尾砂中土壤脲酶、转化酶和过氧化物酶活性增加,尤其种植马蔺对尾砂中3种土壤酶活性的促进效应较为明显,尾砂中种植马蔺1个月后土壤脲酶、转化酶和过氧化物酶活性分别较未种植马蔺尾砂土壤各酶活性提高29.6%、32.1%和22.3%.另外,园土上种植马蔺能使生物有效态铅转化为非有效态,降低植物对铅的吸收;而在铅总量较高的尾砂中种植马蔺1个月后交换态铅含量急剧下降,降幅达62.1%,铁锰氧化态、有机质结合态和残渣态铅含量增幅并不明显,分别较未种植马蔺尾砂中相应铅形态含量增加8.1%、0.9%和3.7%,而同时马蔺根系内铅含量急剧增加.可见,种植马蔺并未使尾砂中的有效态铅转化为无效态铅,而是大部分被植物吸收,因而马蔺作为铅超积累植物在铅矿业废弃地植被恢复过程中具有较大的应用潜力.
미광사시일충중금속함량고、유궤질겁기빈핍겁난치리적광업폐기지류형,대기진행인공식피회복과정중식물대미광사토양매활성화중금속존재형태적영향시평개인공식피회복대기토양개량작용적중요인자.마린작위일충연초적루식물대연미광사토양개량효응환불청초.위차,채집남경서하산연자광구미광고토양진행마린분재시험,통과측정토양연형태화토양뇨매、과양화물매화전화매활성연구료충식마린대연미사토양불동매활성이급토양연형태전화적영향.결과표명,여대조완토상비,미사중뇨매화전화매활성겁저,과양화물매활성교고,충식마린균촉사대조완토화미사중토양뇨매、전화매화과양화물매활성증가,우기충식마린대미사중3충토양매활성적촉진효응교위명현,미사중충식마린1개월후토양뇨매、전화매화과양화물매활성분별교미충식마린미사토양각매활성제고29.6%、32.1%화22.3%.령외,완토상충식마린능사생물유효태연전화위비유효태,강저식물대연적흡수;이재연총량교고적미사중충식마린1개월후교환태연함량급극하강,강폭체62.1%,철맹양화태、유궤질결합태화잔사태연함량증폭병불명현,분별교미충식마린미사중상응연형태함량증가8.1%、0.9%화3.7%,이동시마린근계내연함량급극증가.가견,충식마린병미사미사중적유효태연전화위무효태연,이시대부분피식물흡수,인이마린작위연초적루식물재연광업폐기지식피회복과정중구유교대적응용잠력.
Mine tailings contain high heavy metals content and poor organic matter and its remediation is extremely difficult. The impact of vegetation planting on soil enzyme activities and heavy metal fractionations in mine tailings is important factor to evaluate soil ameliorate effect in the process of artificial vegetation restoration. Iris lactea var. chinensis as a lead(Pb) hyperaccumulators, its improvement effect on lead tailings is unclear. Therefore, soil samples from lead-zinc tailings in Qixia Mountain of Nanjing were selected for the potting experiments to study the effects of planting Iris lactea var. chinensis on Pb fractionations and different soil enzymes by measuring the changements in contents and activities. The results showed that the activities of urease and invertase were very low and peroxidase activity was high in lead tailing in compared to the three enzyme activities of the control garden soil. Planting I. lactea var. chinensis all increased three enzyme activities of the control and tailing soils, especially for those in Pb tailings. The urease, invertase and peroxidase activity in the planted tailings after 1 month increased by 29.6%, 32.1% and 22.3% respectively than those of unplanted tailings soil. In addition, planting I. lactea var. chinensis in garden soil may convert bioavailable Pb to non-active state and reduce Pb absorption of plant. But, 1 month after planting I. lactea var. chinensis in high-Pb tailings, exchangeable Pb decreased sharply with a drop of 62.1%, and the increase of Fe/Mn-oxide bound, organic combined and residual Pb fractions were not obvious, respectively increased by 8.1%, 0.9% and 3.7% compared with unplanted tailings soil. While the Pb content in root of I. lactea var. chinensis dramaticly increased. So, the cultivation of I. lactea var. chinensis did not make bioavailable Pb convert to non-active state in the tailings, but most Pb were absorbed by plants. Therefore, I. lactea var. chinensis as a Pb hyperaccumulator, I. lactea var. chinensis exhibited great potential for revegetation of abandoned mining lands contaminated with lead.