CAJ | 학술논문

“灰色水”理论的提出将水质污染纳入到水资源消耗的范畴,对完善水足迹理论,全面地衡量区域水环境压力具有非常重要的意义.然而“灰色水”理论以污染物稀释理论为基础,忽略了污染物降解和转化的行为,不符合可持续发展理念和国家总量控制的要求.鉴于此,文章提出了基于污染消纳理论的污染水足迹理论,并通过分析有机污染物在自然界中的转化和降解模式,构建了以化学需氧量作为污染物表征指标的水污染足迹计算模型.分别以污染消纳模型和“灰色水”模型衡量江苏省2010年的水污染对区域水资源的压力,结果表明污染消纳理论和“灰色水”理论计算的江苏省污染水足迹结果分别为2.3E+08 t和1.9E+10 t,污染耗水分别占社会经济发展总用水的0.2%和19.2%.分析了两种方法计算结果差异的产生原因,并从经济角度分析了两种方法结果的合理性:治理2010年江苏省排污所需费用占当年社会经济总产值的0.1%,因而从经济角度看污染消纳理论的计算结果更合理.建议开展多种污染物环境行为和生命周期的研究以扩大污染消纳理论的应用范围.此外,寻求污染消纳理论和“灰色水”理论的结合点,分别发挥两种方法在衡量可降解和难降解污染物对环境影响方面的优势,有助于更全面的评估水污染对水环境安全的压力.
“회색수”이론적제출장수질오염납입도수자원소모적범주,대완선수족적이론,전면지형량구역수배경압력구유비상중요적의의.연이“회색수”이론이오염물희석이론위기출,홀략료오염물강해화전화적행위,불부합가지속발전이념화국가총량공제적요구.감우차,문장제출료기우오염소납이론적오염수족적이론,병통과분석유궤오염물재자연계중적전화화강해모식,구건료이화학수양량작위오염물표정지표적수오염족적계산모형.분별이오염소납모형화“회색수”모형형량강소성2010년적수오염대구역수자원적압력,결과표명오염소납이론화“회색수”이론계산적강소성오염수족적결과분별위2.3E+08 t화1.9E+10 t,오염모수분별점사회경제발전총용수적0.2%화19.2%.분석료량충방법계산결과차이적산생원인,병종경제각도분석료량충방법결과적합이성:치리2010년강소성배오소수비용점당년사회경제총산치적0.1%,인이종경제각도간오염소납이론적계산결과경합리.건의개전다충오염물배경행위화생명주기적연구이확대오염소납이론적응용범위.차외,심구오염소납이론화“회색수”이론적결합점,분별발휘량충방법재형량가강해화난강해오염물대배경영향방면적우세,유조우경전면적평고수오염대수배경안전적압력.
The application of the"gray water"theory has introduced water pollution into the water consumption category, which is of great importance to improving the water footprint theory and measuring the water environment pressure. However, based on the pollutant dilution theory, the"gray water"theory ignored the degradation and transformation behavior of pollutants, and could hardly meet the requirement of the sustainable development and the pollution gross control. In view of this, a pollution water footprint evaluation theory based on the pollution recycle and reuse principle, named the pollutant consumption theory was presented. After analyzing the transformation and degradation pathway of organic pollutants, a model based on this theory and using COD as the characteristic index was built. Both of the pollutant consumption method and the "gray water" method were used to calculate the pollution water footprint of Jiangsu Province in 2010; and the water consumed by the pollutants calculated through consumption method and the "gray water" method were 2.3E+08 t and 1.9E+10 t, taking up 0.2% and 19.2% of the total water consumed by production respectively. The reasons contributing to the different results were discussed, and the reliability of the results of the two methods was analyzed taking into account economic values:the cost for treatment of the wastewater was around 0.1%of the GDP of Jiangsu Province in 2010, therefore the result of the consumption method was more reliable. It is suggested that environmental behaviors and life cycles of various water pollutants should be developed to increase applications of the pollutant consumption method. In addition, searching for the combination point of the two theories and combining the advantages of the pollutant consumption method and"gray water"theory in calculating the degradable and reluctant pollutants are useful for comprehensively evaluating the effects of water pollution on water environmental security.