CAJ | 학술논문

化感作用与植物环境因素密切相关,而土壤是陆地植物生长的基础环境.到目前为止,较全面地总结土壤性质及生物化学因素与植物化感作用相互影响的研究进展的综述还很少见.文章试图对之进行总结,为更深入地研究它们之间的关系提供参考依据.当前的研究进展显示,(1)土壤因子(土壤质地、有机无机物质和水分)影响土壤中化感物质的植物毒性.化感物质到达土壤后,通过微生物分解、表面吸附、聚合作用、pH变化、离子交换、改变氧气浓度等各种机制,将发生许多变化,这些变化包括从降低植物毒性直至提高惰性次生代谢物的毒性.土壤的吸附、解吸和降解控制了化感物质的潜在生物有效性.化感物质要达到对植物有化感效应,它们必须长期持续地存在于土壤中,以致它们在溶液中累积到引起化感效应的较高水平.(2)土壤微生物活性决定了化感物质的活性,它们不仅钝化了植物毒素,而且还释放了新的有毒化合物.土壤微生物酶和菌根影响植物化感作用和土壤养分水平的相互关系,而化感物质也能改变土壤微生物区系的结构和活性.(3)植物次生代谢物由于它们对土壤硝化细菌的影响和以有机形态对氮的固定,而影响氮循环.微生物和各种物理、化学的降解过程,影响从植物和土壤中释放的化感物质的去向.土壤环境中化感物质的去向决定了自然环境中化感作用的表达.文章最后提出了化感作用的研究展望.
화감작용여식물배경인소밀절상관,이토양시륙지식물생장적기출배경.도목전위지,교전면지총결토양성질급생물화학인소여식물화감작용상호영향적연구진전적종술환흔소견.문장시도대지진행총결,위경심입지연구타문지간적관계제공삼고의거.당전적연구진전현시,(1)토양인자(토양질지、유궤무궤물질화수분)영향토양중화감물질적식물독성.화감물질도체토양후,통과미생물분해、표면흡부、취합작용、pH변화、리자교환、개변양기농도등각충궤제,장발생허다변화,저사변화포괄종강저식물독성직지제고타성차생대사물적독성.토양적흡부、해흡화강해공제료화감물질적잠재생물유효성.화감물질요체도대식물유화감효응,타문필수장기지속지존재우토양중,이치타문재용액중루적도인기화감효응적교고수평.(2)토양미생물활성결정료화감물질적활성,타문불부둔화료식물독소,이차환석방료신적유독화합물.토양미생물매화균근영향식물화감작용화토양양분수평적상호관계,이화감물질야능개변토양미생물구계적결구화활성.(3)식물차생대사물유우타문대토양초화세균적영향화이유궤형태대담적고정,이영향담순배.미생물화각충물리、화학적강해과정,영향종식물화토양중석방적화감물질적거향.토양배경중화감물질적거향결정료자연배경중화감작용적표체.문장최후제출료화감작용적연구전망.
Allelopathy is closely related to the environmental factors of plant and soil is the basic environment of terrestrial plant growth. Until now, there is less comprehensive review on the research progress in the interactions of soil properties and biochemical factors with plant allelopathy. This paper tries to summarize this aspect, in order to provide references for the deeper study of the relationships. The current studies appeared that, (1) soil factors (soil texture, organic and inorganic matter and moisture) affects the phytotoxic activity of allelochemicals in soil. Many changes may occur in allelochemicals after they reach soil, from inactivating their phytotoxicity to enhancing the toxicity of otherwise inactive secondary metabolites by various mechanisms including microbial breakdown, surface adsorption, polymerization, pH change, ion exchange, altered oxygen concentration etc. The soil adsorption, desorption and degradation control the potential bioavailability of allelochemicals. For allelochemicals to have allelopathic effects on plants, they have to persist in the soil for long periods, resulting in their buildup in solution to high levels to cause the allelopathic effects. (2) Microbial activity in soil determines the activity of allelopathic compounds, not only they inactivate the phytotoxins but also due to release of new toxic compounds. Soil microbial enzymes and mycorrhizae affects the relationship between the plant allelopathy and nutrient levels in soil,but allelopathic compounds in soils also affects the microbial community structure and activity. (3) Plant secondary metabolites influence the N cycle due to their effects on soil nitrifiers and immobilization of N in organic forms. The microbes and various physical and chemical degradation processes, influence the fate of allelochemicals released from plants in soil. The fate of allelochemicals in the soil environment determines the expression of allelopathy in natural environment. This paper finally put forward some suggestions on the researches of allelopathy.