CAJ | 학술논문

植物与昆虫是森林生态系统的重要组成成分,两者通过长期的协同进化形成了密切的相互关系,在森林生态系统中发挥着承上启下的作用,连接了初级生产和高级消费,是森林生态系统中重要的动态中心.植物叶片的虫食特征是植物与昆虫相互作用关系的重要表征.选取福建梅花山和浙江天童两地76种常绿阔叶林植物为研究对象,采用野外调查与室内统计分析相结合的方式对植物叶片的虫食率和虫食频度进行了研究,以期了解亚热带常绿阔叶林植物叶片所面临的食叶昆虫取食压力.结果表明:76种植物平均虫食率为7.21%,虫食频度为32.95%.多数植物的叶片虫食率低于10%,叶片虫食频度主要分布在10%~60%之间.乔木种与灌木种、优势植物与伴生植物之间的叶片虫食率和虫食频度均不存在显著差异(P>0.05).超过60%的叶片虫食率和虫食频度发生在展叶期.福建梅花山常绿阔叶林植物的叶片虫食率(P=0.012)和虫食频度(P=0.74)均高于浙江天童.植物幼叶的虫食率随着海拔的升高而下降.以上结果表明,常绿阔叶林植物的叶片虫食强度介于热带雨林(11.1%)和温带森林(7.1%)之间,展叶期是叶片虫食发生的主要阶段,表现出过渡性特征;叶片的虫食在不同生活型和优势程度的植物间存在差异;叶片虫食率随纬度的升高和海拔的上升而降低.
식물여곤충시삼림생태계통적중요조성성분,량자통과장기적협동진화형성료밀절적상호관계,재삼림생태계통중발휘착승상계하적작용,련접료초급생산화고급소비,시삼림생태계통중중요적동태중심.식물협편적충식특정시식물여곤충상호작용관계적중요표정.선취복건매화산화절강천동량지76충상록활협림식물위연구대상,채용야외조사여실내통계분석상결합적방식대식물협편적충식솔화충식빈도진행료연구,이기료해아열대상록활협림식물협편소면림적식협곤충취식압력.결과표명:76충식물평균충식솔위7.21%,충식빈도위32.95%.다수식물적협편충식솔저우10%,협편충식빈도주요분포재10%~60%지간.교목충여관목충、우세식물여반생식물지간적협편충식솔화충식빈도균불존재현저차이(P>0.05).초과60%적협편충식솔화충식빈도발생재전협기.복건매화산상록활협림식물적협편충식솔(P=0.012)화충식빈도(P=0.74)균고우절강천동.식물유협적충식솔수착해발적승고이하강.이상결과표명,상록활협림식물적협편충식강도개우열대우림(11.1%)화온대삼림(7.1%)지간,전협기시협편충식발생적주요계단,표현출과도성특정;협편적충식재불동생활형화우세정도적식물간존재차이;협편충식솔수위도적승고화해발적상승이강저.
Plants and insect herbivores play a major role in nutrient cycling and energy transfer in forest ecosystem, who formed close relationships through a long term evolution process, and connected with primary production and consumption. For the purpose of determine the patterns of herbivory in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest the study investigated herbivory rate and frequency on leaves of 76 evergreen plant species in Mt. Meihuashan, Fujian province and Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang province. In this study, herbivory on leaves was 7.21% and herbivory frequency was 32.95%. With herbivory frequency between 10%and 60%, herbivory rates of most species were less than 10%. No matter tree species and shrub species or companion species and dominant species, herbivory rates on leaves were no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Both herbivory rates (P=0.012)and herbivory frequency(P=0.74)of evergreen broad-leaved in Mt. Meihuashan, Fujian province are higher than Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang province. Young plant leaves herbivory rate decreased with increasing elevation. The results indicated that the leaf damage of leaves in evergreen broad-leaved forest is between those in tropical rain forest (11.1%) and deciduous forest (7.1%). Life form and dominance affected herbivory on leaves. Rates of leaf damage reduced with the rising of latitude and altitude gradient. The majority of damage occurs during the short window when leaves are young and expanding.