生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
1期
151-156
,共6页
邱媛%何际泽%杨汉彬%张良军%黄良美%温远光%杨梅%张新英
邱媛%何際澤%楊漢彬%張良軍%黃良美%溫遠光%楊梅%張新英
구원%하제택%양한빈%장량군%황량미%온원광%양매%장신영
矿区%乔木%重金属%植物修复%叶
礦區%喬木%重金屬%植物脩複%葉
광구%교목%중금속%식물수복%협
ming area%arbor%heavy metal%phytoremediation%leaf
对广西河池大厂矿区内的植被和立地条件进行调查分析,旨在寻找一些可用于植物生态修复重金属污染的乔木,并估算其去除重金属的能力.在调查区内设立了3个村屯采样点,对常见树木,如沙梨(pyrus pyrifolia(burm.f.)nakai)、板栗(Castanea mollissima Blume)、拐枣(Hovenia acerba)、柚子树(Citrus maxima)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)、柿子树(Diospyros kaki)和枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)等8种植物叶片及周围表层土壤进行采样,检测叶片和土壤中重金属总量(Mn、Zn、Cu、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb).对植物叶片采用ICP-MS及ICP-AES进行测定,土壤的重金属用ICP-AES进行检测.结果发现表土重金属含量均超过广西土壤背景值的5~1200倍,其中Cd污染最严重,为背景值的1200多倍.3个采样点位之间及同一采样点内不同植物叶片对重金属的吸收无显著性差异(Mn 除外),8种植物叶片固定重金属的范围如 Cu为3.3319 mg·kg-1-10.8851 mg?kg-1,As为1.7811 mg·kg-1-46.2178 mg·kg-1,Cd为0.04655 mg·kg-1-4.9897 mg·kg-1;其中拐枣树叶对Mn有较高吸收,分别达811.11 mg·kg-1,352.31 mg·kg-1,220.11 mg·kg-1.以生物量估测模式计算的屯一8种植物单株叶片总量对重金属的总吸收量,单株拐枣叶总量可吸收21.25 g Mn、3.003 g Zn、0.20 g Cu、0.28 g As、0.066 g Cd,、0.014 g Sn、0.17 g Sb和1.23 g Pb,而单株樟树叶可吸收1.55 g Mn、0.79 g Zn、0.17 g Cu、0.12 g As、0.011 g Cd、0.017 g Sn、0.14 g Sb和0.40 g Pb.但所调查果树中的梨树和板栗树单株叶总量吸收重金属也较高,梨可吸收2.90 g Mn、3.32 g Zn、0.57 g Cu、0.11 g As、0.043 g Cd、0.014 g Sn、0.13 g Sb和0.79 g Pb;而板栗则吸收99.82 g Mn、5.20 g Zn、0.28 g Cu、0.24 g As、0.048 g Cd、0.017 g Sn、0.26 g Sb和0.94 g Pb.但这些果树存在食品安全风险,故建议选择拐枣和樟树作为该矿区的植物修复的优选树种.
對廣西河池大廠礦區內的植被和立地條件進行調查分析,旨在尋找一些可用于植物生態脩複重金屬汙染的喬木,併估算其去除重金屬的能力.在調查區內設立瞭3箇村屯採樣點,對常見樹木,如沙梨(pyrus pyrifolia(burm.f.)nakai)、闆慄(Castanea mollissima Blume)、枴棘(Hovenia acerba)、柚子樹(Citrus maxima)、銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)、樟樹(Cinnamomum camphora)、柿子樹(Diospyros kaki)和枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)等8種植物葉片及週圍錶層土壤進行採樣,檢測葉片和土壤中重金屬總量(Mn、Zn、Cu、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb).對植物葉片採用ICP-MS及ICP-AES進行測定,土壤的重金屬用ICP-AES進行檢測.結果髮現錶土重金屬含量均超過廣西土壤揹景值的5~1200倍,其中Cd汙染最嚴重,為揹景值的1200多倍.3箇採樣點位之間及同一採樣點內不同植物葉片對重金屬的吸收無顯著性差異(Mn 除外),8種植物葉片固定重金屬的範圍如 Cu為3.3319 mg·kg-1-10.8851 mg?kg-1,As為1.7811 mg·kg-1-46.2178 mg·kg-1,Cd為0.04655 mg·kg-1-4.9897 mg·kg-1;其中枴棘樹葉對Mn有較高吸收,分彆達811.11 mg·kg-1,352.31 mg·kg-1,220.11 mg·kg-1.以生物量估測模式計算的屯一8種植物單株葉片總量對重金屬的總吸收量,單株枴棘葉總量可吸收21.25 g Mn、3.003 g Zn、0.20 g Cu、0.28 g As、0.066 g Cd,、0.014 g Sn、0.17 g Sb和1.23 g Pb,而單株樟樹葉可吸收1.55 g Mn、0.79 g Zn、0.17 g Cu、0.12 g As、0.011 g Cd、0.017 g Sn、0.14 g Sb和0.40 g Pb.但所調查果樹中的梨樹和闆慄樹單株葉總量吸收重金屬也較高,梨可吸收2.90 g Mn、3.32 g Zn、0.57 g Cu、0.11 g As、0.043 g Cd、0.014 g Sn、0.13 g Sb和0.79 g Pb;而闆慄則吸收99.82 g Mn、5.20 g Zn、0.28 g Cu、0.24 g As、0.048 g Cd、0.017 g Sn、0.26 g Sb和0.94 g Pb.但這些果樹存在食品安全風險,故建議選擇枴棘和樟樹作為該礦區的植物脩複的優選樹種.
대엄서하지대엄광구내적식피화입지조건진행조사분석,지재심조일사가용우식물생태수복중금속오염적교목,병고산기거제중금속적능력.재조사구내설립료3개촌둔채양점,대상견수목,여사리(pyrus pyrifolia(burm.f.)nakai)、판률(Castanea mollissima Blume)、괴조(Hovenia acerba)、유자수(Citrus maxima)、은행(Ginkgo biloba)、장수(Cinnamomum camphora)、시자수(Diospyros kaki)화비파(Eriobotrya japonica)등8충식물협편급주위표층토양진행채양,검측협편화토양중중금속총량(Mn、Zn、Cu、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb).대식물협편채용ICP-MS급ICP-AES진행측정,토양적중금속용ICP-AES진행검측.결과발현표토중금속함량균초과엄서토양배경치적5~1200배,기중Cd오염최엄중,위배경치적1200다배.3개채양점위지간급동일채양점내불동식물협편대중금속적흡수무현저성차이(Mn 제외),8충식물협편고정중금속적범위여 Cu위3.3319 mg·kg-1-10.8851 mg?kg-1,As위1.7811 mg·kg-1-46.2178 mg·kg-1,Cd위0.04655 mg·kg-1-4.9897 mg·kg-1;기중괴조수협대Mn유교고흡수,분별체811.11 mg·kg-1,352.31 mg·kg-1,220.11 mg·kg-1.이생물량고측모식계산적둔일8충식물단주협편총량대중금속적총흡수량,단주괴조협총량가흡수21.25 g Mn、3.003 g Zn、0.20 g Cu、0.28 g As、0.066 g Cd,、0.014 g Sn、0.17 g Sb화1.23 g Pb,이단주장수협가흡수1.55 g Mn、0.79 g Zn、0.17 g Cu、0.12 g As、0.011 g Cd、0.017 g Sn、0.14 g Sb화0.40 g Pb.단소조사과수중적리수화판률수단주협총량흡수중금속야교고,리가흡수2.90 g Mn、3.32 g Zn、0.57 g Cu、0.11 g As、0.043 g Cd、0.014 g Sn、0.13 g Sb화0.79 g Pb;이판률칙흡수99.82 g Mn、5.20 g Zn、0.28 g Cu、0.24 g As、0.048 g Cd、0.017 g Sn、0.26 g Sb화0.94 g Pb.단저사과수존재식품안전풍험,고건의선택괴조화장수작위해광구적식물수복적우선수충.
Absrtact:Mining has a range of deleterious effects on the environment, including increasing the concentration of heavy metals in soils. Natural revegetation may contribute to phytoremediation by removing heavy metals. Therefore it’s important to determine which trees are most effective at phytoremediation. The vegetation and the topsoil of the mining area in Dachang Mine of Hechi city, Guangxi Province, China, were investigated, to determine which trees are more suitable for phytoremediation for the heavy metal pollution. The total content of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Sn, Sb and Pb) in the leaves of eight tree species and in the topsoil were measured in the three sites in the mining area. The trees were:Pyrus pyrifolia (burm.f.) nakai, Castanea mollissima, Hovenia acerba, Citrus maxima, Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum camphora, Diospyros kaki, Eriobotrya japonica. The concentrations of heavy metals in leaves were detected by ICP-MS and ICP-AES, and in soil by ICP-AES. The concentrations of heavy metals were over 5-1200 times background values for soils in the Guangxi Province; with Cd more than 1200 times background values. There were no significant differences in foliar heavy metal contents among the three sampling sites except for Mn;and there were no significant differences among tree species in foliar heavy metal concentrations, either. Concentrations per leaf were converted to values per tree using an equation for tree leaf biomass. H. acerba and C. camphora accumulated more different heavy metals than the others overall. For example a single H. acerba tree can absorb 21.25 g Mn, 3.003g Zn, 0.20 g Cu, 0.28 g As, 0.066 g Cd, 0.014 g Sn, 0.17 g Sb and 1.23 g Pb, while a C. camphora tree can absorb 1.55 g Mn, 0.79g Zn, 0.17 g Cu, 0.12 g As, 0.011 g Cd, 0.017 g Sn, 0.14 g Sb and 0.40 g Pb. The values for the two fruit trees, P. pyrifolia and C. mollissim were also high, for P. pyrifolia can uptake 2.90 g Mn, 3.32 g Zn 0.57 g Cu, 0.11 g As, 0.043 g Cd, 0.014 g Sn, 0.13 g Sb, 0.79 g Pb;for C. mollissima can uptake 99.82 g Mn, 5.20 g Zn, 0.28 g Cu, 0.24 g As, 0.048 g Cd, 0.017 g Sn, 0.26 g Sb, 0.94 g Pb;but would be inappropriate to use due to the risk of people consuming the potentially toxic fruit. Therefore H. acerba and C. camphora may be good trees to plant when restoring mining areas.
